A subsurface flow constructed wetland (SFCW) includes a sand layer having a ventilation property of 90 mL/(cm.Math.s) and a permeation rate of less than 0.3 kg/m.sup.2/h under a two-meter-high pressure head, a filter layer disposed on the sand layer, and a gabion module disposed on the filter layer. The filter layer includes fine sand with a particle size of 0.25-0.35 cm. The gabion module includes a gabion box including a plant layer and a filler layer, and the filler layer is disposed on the plant layer.

A fluid management system including an inlet configured to receive pre-processed fluid is provided. The system includes a filtering apparatus configured to remove contaminants from the pre-processed fluid. The filtering apparatus includes a plate having a first opening. A first manifold pipe is disposed on the plate and includes one or more perforations and a second opening at least partially aligned with the first opening. A second manifold pipe is disposed on the plate and includes one or more perforations. Filter media is disposed between the first manifold pipe and the second manifold pipe and is configured to separate the contaminants from the pre-processed fluid. The system also includes an outlet coupled to the second manifold pipe to receive processed fluid from the filtering apparatus.

A wastewater treatment system for households, individual buildings, hotels, neighborhoods, and wastewater treatment plants is designed to treat wastewater effluent from an initial treatment system such as a septic tank or a primary or secondary treatment system. A self-regenerating bioreactor garden is connected in series with the initial treatment system. The self-regenerating bioreactor garden receives untreated or minimally treated wastewater effluent from the initial treatment system and is designed to dramatically reduce the volume and concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, biological oxygen demand, and suspended sediments in the wastewater effluent so that the treated wastewater effluent can be discharged directly into leach field, seepage pit, injection well, or another surrounding environment. The self-regenerating bioreactor garden can meet or exceed the applicable requirements of National Sanitation Foundation, including NSF 245 and NSF 40, and equivalent standards.

A wastewater treatment system for households, individual buildings, hotels, neighborhoods, and wastewater treatment plants is designed to treat wastewater effluent from an initial treatment system such as a septic tank or a primary or secondary treatment system. A self-regenerating bioreactor garden is connected in series with the initial treatment system. The self-regenerating bioreactor garden receives untreated or minimally treated wastewater effluent from the initial treatment system and is designed to dramatically reduce the volume and concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, biological oxygen demand, and suspended sediments in the wastewater effluent so that the treated wastewater effluent can be discharged directly into leach field, seepage pit, injection well, or another surrounding environment. The self-regenerating bioreactor garden can meet or exceed the applicable requirements of National Sanitation Foundation, including NSF 245 and NSF 40, and equivalent standards.

A system for reducing contaminants in body of water is shown and described. The system has a first land mass located within a body of water. A sediment trap, located on the floor of the body of water, is configured to collect sediment. Enclosed within the first land mass is a tussock mass area, surrounding a central area, and configured for collecting sediment and building a second land mass. The central area of the system is configured for removing contaminants from sediment. Sediment is moved from the sediment trap to the central area by a first ingress conduit and a pumping system. Filtered water migrates from the central area to outside the first land mass via an egress conduit; contaminated sediment is sequestered in the central area enclosed by the tussock mass area.

An exemplary water circulation pump pre-filter unit (PFU) comprises a backwash pipe in fluid communication with an outer nozzle outside a screen cage and an inner nozzle within the screen cage. The PFU may simultaneously spray inside and outside the screen cage using an inner nozzle and an outer nozzle configured with an axial jet perpendicular to a plurality of radial jets. The inner nozzle may have a restriction chamber with diameter decreasing in flow direction to a full cone nozzle outlet, concentrating dual streams from a plurality of inlets swirled through a plurality of helical channels. Pairs of inner nozzles may be angled to each other, increasing the inner surface area cleaned. Exemplary implementations may simultaneously clean the screen cage bottom and top using the outer nozzle and inner nozzles in backwash mode and in a separate pre-filter mode ingest water through multiple filter pipe inlet apertures.

An exemplary water circulation pump pre-filter unit (PFU) comprises a backwash pipe in fluid communication with an outer nozzle outside a screen cage and an inner nozzle within the screen cage. The PFU may simultaneously spray inside and outside the screen cage using an inner nozzle and an outer nozzle configured with an axial jet perpendicular to a plurality of radial jets. The inner nozzle may have a restriction chamber with diameter decreasing in flow direction to a full cone nozzle outlet, concentrating dual streams from a plurality of inlets swirled through a plurality of helical channels. Pairs of inner nozzles may be angled to each other, increasing the inner surface area cleaned. Exemplary implementations may simultaneously clean the screen cage bottom and top using the outer nozzle and inner nozzles in backwash mode and in a separate pre-filter mode ingest water through multiple filter pipe inlet apertures.

A method of producing an ultraporous mesostructured nanoparticle suitable for uptake by a plant and with increased affinity to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances includes modifying the ultraporous mesostructured nanoparticle with 2-[methoxy(polyethyleneoxy).sub.9-12propyl]trimethyoxysilane, chlorotrimethylsilane, (a-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane or N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine.

The present disclosure relates to water environment governance technology, and particularly discloses an urban river/lake water environment multi-interface governance and restoration method. The method is a multi-interface coordinated governance and restoration method based on “control for bottom, regulation for middle and governance for top”, including: “control for bottom”—controlling the emission of sediment nutritive salts and the dormancy and recovery of algae; “regulation for middle”—regulating primary productivity in a water body to inhibit the recovery of the algae; and “governance for top”—reducing nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients of an air-water interface to control the reproduction and growth of the algae. In the present disclosure, the water body governance and restoration technology based on interface coordination can effectively inhibit the outbreak of cyanobacteria and avoid extreme conditions in the ecosystem.

The present disclosure relates to water environment governance technology, and particularly discloses an urban river/lake water environment multi-interface governance and restoration method. The method is a multi-interface coordinated governance and restoration method based on “control for bottom, regulation for middle and governance for top”, including: “control for bottom”—controlling the emission of sediment nutritive salts and the dormancy and recovery of algae; “regulation for middle”—regulating primary productivity in a water body to inhibit the recovery of the algae; and “governance for top”—reducing nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients of an air-water interface to control the reproduction and growth of the algae. In the present disclosure, the water body governance and restoration technology based on interface coordination can effectively inhibit the outbreak of cyanobacteria and avoid extreme conditions in the ecosystem.