A scale suppression apparatus capable of suppressing in a low-priced manner the generation of silica-based scale and calcium-based scale in the influent water containing at least a silica component and a calcium component, a geothermal power generation system using the same, and a scale suppression method are provided. The scale suppression apparatus includes a chelating agent and alkaline agent addition unit injecting liquid containing a chelating agent and an alkaline agent into a pipe arrangement through which influent water such as geothermal water or the like flows, and a controller controlling a pump and a valve of the chelating agent and alkaline agent addition unit. The controller controls the injection of the chelating agent and the alkaline agent and stops of the injection based on the signal output from a scale detection unit for detecting a precipitation state of the scale.

Lithium brine is treated with a multiple pass nanofiltration (NF) membrane system. Sulfate is added to permeate from an upstream pass before it flows through a downstream pass. Optionally the sulfate may be added to the permeate by dosing it with sulfuric acid or a slat such as sodium sulfate. The softened brine may then be processed further, for example by a combination of solvent extraction, electrolysis, crystallization and drying, to produce a lithium hydroxide product that can be used to make batteries.

Lithium brine is treated with a multiple pass nanofiltration (NF) membrane system. Sulfate is added to permeate from an upstream pass before it flows through a downstream pass. Optionally the sulfate may be added to the permeate by dosing it with sulfuric acid or a slat such as sodium sulfate. The softened brine may then be processed further, for example by a combination of solvent extraction, electrolysis, crystallization and drying, to produce a lithium hydroxide product that can be used to make batteries.

A water purification process for treating water containing at least some organic contaminants, and including the steps of pre-treating the water for capturing organic contaminants from solution in a water stream, by passing the water into a spin up bowl to speed up the water stream, forcing the high speed stream through an annular flow passage located centrally of the spin up bowl passing the high velocity stream between a magnetic member and a magnetic ring, thereafter passing the water stream into an energy recovery bowl, directing the flow from the flow passage onto a zinc anode member; and thereafter passing the water stream along a grounded pipe, thereby causing the development of fine particles of calcium carbonates, and capturing the organic contaminants

A method includes supplying a supersaturated brine stream having a plurality of minerals and anti-scalant from a water treatment system to a gypsum removal system disposed within a mineral removal system. The gypsum removal system includes a gypsum reactor that may receive the supersaturated brine, may deactivate the anti-scalant such that gypsum precipitates from the supersaturated brine, and may generate a gypsum slurry having a mixture of desupersaturated brine, precipitated gypsum, and the anti-scalant in solution with the desupersaturated brine. The method also includes supplying gypsum seed crystals to the gypsum reactor. The gypsum seed crystals may precipitate the gypsum from the supersaturated brine to generate the gypsum slurry. The method also includes directing a first portion of the gypsum slurry from the gypsum reactor to a gypsum settler. The gypsum settler may reactivate the anti-scalant such that the anti-scalant absorbs onto the precipitated gypsum to remove the anti-scalant from the desupersaturated brine and may generate anti-scalant-gypsum crystals and a desupersaturated overflow having at least a portion of the plurality of minerals. The method further includes generating the gypsum seed crystals supplied to the gypsum reactor using the anti-scalant-gypsum crystals.

A method includes supplying a supersaturated brine stream having a plurality of minerals and anti-scalant from a water treatment system to a gypsum removal system disposed within a mineral removal system. The gypsum removal system includes a gypsum reactor that may receive the supersaturated brine, may deactivate the anti-scalant such that gypsum precipitates from the supersaturated brine, and may generate a gypsum slurry having a mixture of desupersaturated brine, precipitated gypsum, and the anti-scalant in solution with the desupersaturated brine. The method also includes supplying gypsum seed crystals to the gypsum reactor. The gypsum seed crystals may precipitate the gypsum from the supersaturated brine to generate the gypsum slurry. The method also includes directing a first portion of the gypsum slurry from the gypsum reactor to a gypsum settler. The gypsum settler may reactivate the anti-scalant such that the anti-scalant absorbs onto the precipitated gypsum to remove the anti-scalant from the desupersaturated brine and may generate anti-scalant-gypsum crystals and a desupersaturated overflow having at least a portion of the plurality of minerals. The method further includes generating the gypsum seed crystals supplied to the gypsum reactor using the anti-scalant-gypsum crystals.

Ion removing system includes primary-side ion removing apparatus that includes primary-side hard water storage part storing hard water and primary-side fine bubble generating part generating and supplying fine bubbles to primary-side hard water storage part and that causes fine bubbles to adsorb first metal ions in hard water in primary-side hard water storage part to remove first metal ions from hard water, secondary-side pH adjustment apparatus increasing pH of hard water from which first metal ions are removed by primary-side ion removing apparatus, and secondary-side ion removing apparatus that includes secondary-side hard water storage part storing hard water having pH increased by secondary-side pH adjustment apparatus and secondary-side fine bubble generating part generating and supplying fine bubbles to secondary-side hard water storage part and that causes fine bubbles to adsorb second metal ions in hard water in secondary-side hard water storage part to remove second metal ions from hard water.

This invention provides processes for treating a mixture of produced water and blowdown water comprising introducing produced water (PW) into blowdown water (BD) for forming a PW-BD water mixture, softening the PW-BD water mixture, subjecting the PW-BD water mixture to activated carbon filtration and reverse osmosis membrane desalination. The process generates a product water and a brine by-product.

This invention provides processes for treating a mixture of produced water and blowdown water comprising introducing produced water (PW) into blowdown water (BD) for forming a PW-BD water mixture, softening the PW-BD water mixture, subjecting the PW-BD water mixture to activated carbon filtration and reverse osmosis membrane desalination. The process generates a product water and a brine by-product.

A wastewater treatment method includes: a soft water treatment 1 of crystallizing calcium carbonate from wastewater to remove the calcium carbonate therefrom; and an electrolysis 2 of electrolyzing some of the wastewater from which the calcium carbonate has been removed to obtain an acidic aqueous solution and an alkaline aqueous solution, wherein at least some of the alkaline aqueous solution is circulated to be used in the soft water treatment 1.