A method of inhibiting scale in an industrial water system includes the steps of dosing the industrial water system with a water treatment polymer comprising at least 10 mol % of carboxylic acid monomer and a quaternized naphthalimide fluorescent monomer as disclosed herein, and then monitoring the fluorescence of the water system. The polymers are also useful for flocculation and coagulation in wastewater treatment.

A method of inhibiting scale in an industrial water system includes the steps of dosing the industrial water system with a water treatment polymer comprising at least 10 mol % of carboxylic acid monomer and a quaternized naphthalimide fluorescent monomer as disclosed herein, and then monitoring the fluorescence of the water system. The polymers are also useful for flocculation and coagulation in wastewater treatment.

A system and method for evaporative treatment or wastewater which minimizes scaling and system maintenance is disclosed. The apparatus can include an evaporation vessel with a heating source to evaporate water from a solution under treatment and a drain valve for draining the solution after treatment. The apparatus can also include one or more sensors configured to measure parameters of a solution under treatment and a user programmable controller to control the treatment process based on such measurements. A user can configure the controller to define the detection of a solution's critical state where contaminant concentrations are maximized yet scaling is minimized. When a critical state of the solution is reached a portion of the treated solution can be removed and the vessel refill with new wastewater thereby lowering the concentration of the remaining solution the repealing the evaporation and drain cycle until all wastewater has been treated.

Methods for processing pretreated phosphogypsum wastewater are disclosed. The pretreated wastewater may be subjected to electrodialysis involving at least one monovalent cation selective membrane. Further downstream membrane treatment may be applied. Upstream precipitation and air-stripping techniques may optionally also be employed. Related systems are also disclosed.

A water purification process for treating water containing at least some organic contaminants, and including the steps of pre-treating the water for capturing organic contaminants from solution in a water stream, by passing the water into a spin up bowl to speed up the water stream, forcing the high speed stream through an annular flow passage located centrally of the spin up bowl passing the high velocity stream between a magnetic member and a magnetic ring, thereafter passing the water stream into an energy recovery bowl, directing the flow from the flow passage onto a zinc anode member; and thereafter passing the water stream along a grounded pipe, thereby causing the development of fine particles of calcium carbonates, and capturing the organic contaminants

Marine engine exhaust includes pollutants such as CO.sub.2, NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x. An onboard system and method for the simultaneous removal of these pollutants includes obtaining seawater from the water on which the marine vessel travels, purifying the seawater to remove a portion of hard ions, concentrating the seawater to yield a concentrated brine solution, treating the concentrated brine solution with a chemical softener to yield a treated brine solution, acidifying the treated brine solution, and utilizing the acidified brine solution in a chlor-alkali process to yield sodium hydroxide. The sodium hydroxide can be used in an acid gas scrubber to remove CO.sub.2, NO.sub.x, and SO.sub.x from the marine engine exhaust gas.

Methods for processing pretreated phosphogypsum wastewater are disclosed. Precipitation of select constituents may be promoted to control a hardness level of the pretreated wastewater. Ammonia may then be removed from the process stream via reverse osmosis. A membrane contactor and/or polishing unit(s) may optionally be used. Related systems are also disclosed.

Systems and methods related to communication with and control of network-enabled water devices and sensors of various water systems are disclosed. Such water systems may include water filtration systems, water reclamation systems, sump pump systems, pool or spa systems, water softening systems, and plumbing systems. Such water devices may include chemical controllers, smart valves, pool pumps, sump pumps, water softeners, residential appliances, and manifolds. Such sensor devices may include flow meters, splash detectors, motion sensors, moisture sensors, humidity sensors, chemical sensors, water level sensors, pressure sensors, and cameras. Data received from network-enabled water devices and sensors may be processed at a remote server or a local controller, which may cause corresponding alerts or maintenance requests to be sent to one or more user devices or service providers or may automatically control one or more of the water devices and sensors based on analysis of the data.

Systems and methods related to communication with and control of network-enabled water devices and sensors of various water systems are disclosed. Such water systems may include water filtration systems, water reclamation systems, sump pump systems, pool or spa systems, water softening systems, and plumbing systems. Such water devices may include chemical controllers, smart valves, pool pumps, sump pumps, water softeners, residential appliances, and manifolds. Such sensor devices may include flow meters, splash detectors, motion sensors, moisture sensors, humidity sensors, chemical sensors, water level sensors, pressure sensors, and cameras. Data received from network-enabled water devices and sensors may be processed at a remote server or a local controller, which may cause corresponding alerts or maintenance requests to be sent to one or more user devices or service providers or may automatically control one or more of the water devices and sensors based on analysis of the data.

A water hardness mitigation or treatment evaluation system includes a first quartz crystal microbalance cell and a fluid coupling adapted to be fluidly coupled to a pre-treated water to be flowed over a first quartz crystal. A second quartz crystal microbalance cell and a fluid coupling are adapted to be fluidly coupled to a post-treated water to be flowed over a second quartz crystal. A computer processor receives a first frequency data from the first quartz crystal and a second frequency data from the second quartz crystal and based on a difference of frequency over time between the first frequency data and the second frequency data, provides an indication of an effectiveness of a water hardness mitigation or treatment component or system. A method to evaluate and effectiveness of a water hardness mitigation or treatment evaluation system is also described.