Systems and methods for passively dosing fluid with a consumable additive in a controlled and measured fashion. A capsule containing the additive is placed in a fluid reservoir and passively doses static water in the reservoir over time. Instead of directly exposing the additive to the dispensing system's fluid, fluid within the capsule's internal volume becomes saturated with dissolved additive and then diffuses to the dispensing system's fluid through one or more openings. The one or more openings are sized so the that the diffusion occurs at a predetermined rate, and are positioned on the capsule to prevent an undesirable fluid exchange which extends the life of the additive and maintains a constant diffusion rate. The size of the cartridge can be selected to control the volume of fluid that is passively dosed within the reservoir, thereby controlling an overall concentration of additive in the total volume dispensed.

An ion removal kit according to the present invention comprises: a kit case; a filter unit, which is provided inside the kit case, receives raw water from a main flow path for supplying the raw water to a water-requiring place so as to remove, through electrodeionization, at least some of ionic substances included in the received raw water, thereby discharging soft water containing less ionic substances than raw water; a filter flow path which is provided inside the kit case; and a control part which is provided inside the kit case and which controls the filter unit.

An ion removal kit according to the present invention comprises: a kit case; a filter unit, which is provided inside the kit case, receives raw water from a main flow path for supplying the raw water to a water-requiring place so as to remove, through electrodeionization, at least some of ionic substances included in the received raw water, thereby discharging soft water containing less ionic substances than raw water; a filter flow path which is provided inside the kit case; and a control part which is provided inside the kit case and which controls the filter unit.

Disclosed is a process for enriching silicate content in drinking water that includes separating raw water via reverse osmosis into a permeate comprising demineralised raw water and a retentate comprising mineral enriched raw water. The permeate is mixed with a water glass solution comprising sodium silicate and/or potassium silicate. An ion exchange process is used to reduce the concentration of sodium and/or potassium ions in at least part of the mixture. At least part of the retentate is supplied to the mixture after reducing the concentration of sodium and/or potassium ions to provide a silicate-enriched drinking water. Also disclosed is an apparatus for producing a drinking water enriched with silicate. The apparatus includes a reverse osmosis unit, a mixing unit, an ion exchanger, and a feed unit for feeding at least part of the retentate to the mixture after reducing the concentration of sodium and/or potassium ions.

A method of actuating a water softening system is provided. The method comprises providing a sensing device containing sensing material in a water treatment tank of the water softening system, the sensing device being positioned at a top of the water treatment tank with a body thereof partially embedded in a resin bed of the water treatment tank.

A method of actuating a water softening system is provided. The method comprises providing a sensing device containing sensing material in a water treatment tank of the water softening system, the sensing device being positioned at a top of the water treatment tank with a body thereof partially embedded in a resin bed of the water treatment tank.

A method for applying a chemical treatment solution to a process stream in an industrial processing system while the system is online. The method includes measuring a mineral hardness and alkalinity of the process stream, determining a dosage of the chemical treatment solution based on a relationship between the dosage and a scale saturation parameter that is calculated based on the mineral hardness and the alkalinity of the process stream, and controlling application of the chemical treatment solution to the process stream based on the determined dosage.

Provided are hybrid electrochemical and membrane-based systems for removing silica from water stream to achieve ultra-pure water. The silica concentration of a feed water stream may dictate the most effective and economical variation of disclosed hybrid processes to use. For example, for a feed water stream having a silica concentration of 1-30 ppm, a hybrid system for treating the feed water includes an electrodialysis reversal unit, the electrodialysis reversal unit comprising an inlet stream and a product outlet stream; a reverse osmosis unit, the reverse osmosis unit comprising an inlet stream and a product outlet stream, wherein the inlet stream of the reverse osmosis unit comprises the product outlet stream of the electrodialysis reversal unit; and an electrodeionization unit, the electrodeionization unit comprising an inlet stream and a product outlet stream, wherein the inlet stream of the electrodeionization unit comprises the product outlet stream of the reverse osmosis unit.

The disclosure provides a silica-based scale cleaning technology. The disclosure can provide a cleaning agent of a silica-based scale, containing a silicic acid compound. The disclosure can also provide a cleaning method of a water treatment apparatus, including: using a solution containing a silicic acid compound. Further, the disclosure can provide a cleaning method of a silica-based scale, including: using an agent containing a silicic acid compound for a water system.

The disclosure provides a silica-based scale cleaning technology. The disclosure can provide a cleaning agent of a silica-based scale, containing a silicic acid compound. The disclosure can also provide a cleaning method of a water treatment apparatus, including: using a solution containing a silicic acid compound. Further, the disclosure can provide a cleaning method of a silica-based scale, including: using an agent containing a silicic acid compound for a water system.