The invention is a renewable adsorbent material, amine-functionalized chitin (AFC) that can remove the following munitions compounds from solution while providing a concentration-dependent color change: NTO, DNAN, and TNT. Adsorption of the munitions constituents can be adjusted by pH; neutral pH provides maximum adsorption. NTO can desorb from the AFC at pH levels of 2 and 12; DNAN and TNT remain attached to AFC once adsorbed.

A method for treating chemicals below ground is provided. The system includes contacting the chemicals with a rhizosphere to maximize transpiration rate and minimize over-saturation of the rhizosphere. Also provided is a method for using contaminated groundwater as a sole source of irrigation. The method uses extracting the contaminated water and pumping the extracted water to an irrigation zone under the control of an autonomous irrigation system. Each zone includes some trees and the root system for each tree is modified to function as a treatment cell. The invention also provides a system for treating contaminated water, using a contaminated water source situated below ground surface. The system uses a pump for extracting contaminated water from the water source and prevents the contaminated water from directly contacting the atmosphere above the ground surface. Vegetation which defines an underground rhizosphere is adapted to directly receive the water.

The present invention relates to systems and methods for removing oxidized contaminants from water and wastewater using a metal-biofilm, also referred to herein as a bio-metal composite catalyst. In some embodiments, the system comprises a gas-transfer membrane, a hydrogen-gas source, an inoculant comprising a biofilm-forming population of microorganisms, a growth medium comprising at least one nitrate salt and at least one perchlorate salt, and a catalyst precursor medium comprising at least one soluble autocatalytic metal precursor and having a basic pH. Methods of establishing a bio-metal composite catalyst for removing ammunition-related contaminants are also described.

A composition useful for removing energetic compounds from contaminated environments. The composition includes a supported reactant including an adsorbent with high affinity for energetic compounds. Further, the composition includes a first bioremediation material comprising at least one organism capable of degrading an energetic compound and a polymeric substance fueling the first bioremediation material during the degrading of the energetic compound. Additionally, the composition includes a second bioremediation material breaking the polymeric substance into smaller molecules over a degradation time period to provide the fueling of the first bioremediation material in a time-release manner.

A composition useful for removing energetic compounds from contaminated environments. The composition includes a supported reactant including an adsorbent with high affinity for energetic compounds. Further, the composition includes a first bioremediation material comprising at least one organism capable of degrading an energetic compound and a polymeric substance fueling the first bioremediation material during the degrading of the energetic compound. Additionally, the composition includes a second bioremediation material breaking the polymeric substance into smaller molecules over a degradation time period to provide the fueling of the first bioremediation material in a time-release manner.

The present disclosure provides for a method for producing porous granular composite iron having high permeability, hydrophilicity, reactivity, and capacity for treatment of inorganic and organic contaminants. The method may include the steps of: mixing iron powder, or iron/metal mixture and adsorbent powders, with surface modifier and binder compounds to form a granular material. This granular material is used in a filter, vessel, and in situ permeable reactive barrier by passing a contaminated liquid stream through a bed of the granular product for removal of the contaminants. The porous granular iron materials have low bulk density, do not fuse together and can be regenerated for reuse.

The present disclosure provides for a method for producing porous granular composite iron having high permeability, hydrophilicity, reactivity, and capacity for treatment of inorganic and organic contaminants. The method may include the steps of: mixing iron powder, or iron/metal mixture and adsorbent powders, with surface modifier and binder compounds to form a granular material. This granular material is used in a filter, vessel, and in situ permeable reactive barrier by passing a contaminated liquid stream through a bed of the granular product for removal of the contaminants. The porous granular iron materials have low bulk density, do not fuse together and can be regenerated for reuse.

The invention is a sediment capping structure which utilizes material comprised of an activated carbon physically attached to sand particles. Attachment of the sorbent material to sand particles improves particle density and heterogeneous delivery of the sorptive layer of the sediment cap.

The invention is a renewable adsorbent material, amine-functionalized chitin (AFC) that can remove the following munitions compounds from solution while providing a concentration-dependent color change: NTO, DNAN, and TNT. Adsorption of the munitions constituents can be adjusted by pH; neutral pH provides maximum adsorption. NTO can desorb from the AFC at pH levels of 2 and 12; DNAN and TNT remain attached to AFC once adsorbed.

Compositions and methods for remediation of contaminated materials, such as contaminated water, are provided. The composition may include at least one fermentable compound and at least one metal or metal containing compound to promote conversion of the contaminants into non-toxic substances through abiotic and/or biotic processes. The composition may further include sulfur or a sulfur containing compound, and/or microorganisms or derivative thereof.