Systems and methods are disclosed for controlling performance of a mixed ion exchange media comprising two or more media. The weighted average of a quantity of the first media having a first rate of exchange to a quantity of a second media having a second rate of exchange is determined based on predetermined requirements for the resulting mixed media. After determining the weighted average, the first and second media are mixed resulting in a mixed media having a third rate of exchange. The mixed media is introduced to an ion exchange column. Contaminated liquid is then introduced to the column creating a mass transfer zone within the column. The mixed media is generally considered optimized when it meets three conditions simultaneously: 100% safety limitation, 100% media capacity used, and effluent criteria are met.

The present invention concerns a method for reducing the amount of polluting and/or valuable elements through application of electrolysis, in particular of the electrocapturing phenomenon. The electrolysis according to the present invention is applied permanently over time in a polluted water body. The predetermined action area (115bis, 115ter) preferably has a smaller extension than the water body. The at least one phenomenon (125bis, 125ter) is preferably powered electrically through production of electrical energy in loco through at least one renewable energy source (140). The method is suitable for purifying large expanses of water, like seas, lakes, lagoons and rivers, through plants operating permanently, however this does not rule out other applications.

A fiber comprising a carbon chain backbone and amidoxime, carboxylate, and nitrile pendant groups. The fiber may be used for removing uranium from seawater and toxic metals from drinking water.

A method of water treatment includes providing water that includes at least one contaminant. An effective amount of at least one filter media is added to the to the water that includes at least one contaminant. The water and the at least one filter media are agitated to form a homogeneous mixture. A cationic biopolymer is added to the homogeneous mixture of water and the at least one filter media. The water is separated from the at least one contaminant and the at least one filter media.

Methods of performing targeted alpha therapy of a cancer patient utilizing actinium-225, methods of preparing a targeted alpha therapy drug that includes actinium-225, methods of preparing actinium-225 from radium-226, and methods of recovering radium-226 from an aqueous produced material stream generated from a natural resource extraction process. The methods of recovering radium-226 include separating the radium-226 from the produced material stream to generate recovered radium-226. The methods of preparing actinium-225 include converting the recovered radium-226 into actinium-225. The methods of preparing the targeted alpha therapy drug include incorporating the actinium-225 into the targeted alpha therapy drug. The methods of performing targeted alpha therapy include treating the cancer patient with the targeted alpha therapy drug.

A recursive fractal system provides low cost, high throughput removal of contaminants, selected compounds, and elements from a flowable medium. This includes low energy desalination of saltwater, and removal contaminants from waste water. A series of concatenated, self-similar, co-axially aligned fractal stages are provided for defining a flow path for receiving the flowable medium, such as salt water. The configuration of self similar fractal stages as a succession of venturis recursively accelerates and separates flow vectors at each stage without the need for pumping. The series of venturis have been found to accelerate the water to such an extent that an electro hydrodynamic field interaction is magnified at each successive stage, such that contaminants, heavy metals, salt, or other selected compounds are aggregated by an electromagnetic field signature, separated and extracted from the flowable medium.

The present invention provides compositions for removal of arsenic or heavy metal contaminants in the process of fluid filtration comprising an organically modified inorganic adsorbent, wherein the composition is produced by reaction with 1,3-dipolar compounds prior to filtration. Also provided are systems for fluid filtration, comprising compositions as provided herein, in a column or column-like format, wherein a fluid is provided to the column such that the fluid flows through the organically modified inorganic adsorbent, and wherein contaminants present in the fluid are bound to the composition. Additionally provided are methods for fluid filtration, comprising contacting a fluid sample with the composition of claim 1 and collecting the filtered fluid sample after filtration.

A composition of matter wherein the composition comprises a siliceous substrate having silanols on the surface and a polymer selected from the group consisting essentially of a water soluble polymer, a water soluble copolymer, an alcohol soluble polymer, an alcohol soluble copolymer, and combinations of such polymers, wherein the polymer is chemically bonded to the siliceous substrate by a silane linking material having the general formula
O.sub.3/2SiQY
that is derived from an alkoxy-functional silane having the general formula
(RO).sub.3SiQX
and processes for preparing the crosslinked polymer that is chemically bonded to the surface of the siliceous substrate.

The present invention is directed to a ligated metal-organic framework (MOF) for use in removing both anionic and cationic species from a liquid or liquid stream. The present invention also provides methods for placing the MOF on a substrate to form a MOF-containing product that can be used in the removal of certain species from a given fluid. The MOF may be a Zr-based MOF, such as NU-1000, for removal of certain anions, such as oxy-anions, or having an attached thiosulfonyl-thiol (—SO.sub.2—S—R.sub.2—SH, where R.sub.2 is an alkyl group) ligand for complexation with certain cationic species in addition to the anions. The substrate may be any substrate to which a given MOF may be attached, including inert polypropylene polymer resin beads, a macroscopic fabric such as a mesh material or mesh filter, and a molecular fabric.

Solid nanocomposite material comprising nanoparticles of a hexacyanometallate or octacyanometallate of an alkali metal and of a transition metal, of formula [Alk.sup.+.sub.x]M.sup.n+[M′(CN).sub.m].sup.z− in which Alk is an alkali metal, x is 1 or 2, M is a transition metal, n is 2 or 3, M′ is a transition metal, m is 6 or 8, z is 3 or 4, attached to at least one surface of a porous inorganic solid support, in which the nanoparticles are attached by adsorption to the at least one surface of the solid support, and in which the surface is a basic surface. Method for preparing this material. Method for extracting at least one metal cation from a liquid medium containing it, wherein the liquid medium is brought into contact with the material.