A particulate oxide composition comprising cerium oxide, trivalent dopant, and optional additional metal oxide, other than cerium oxide and trivalent dopant, is beneficial to aid in the removal of biological contaminants, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa (e.g., amoebae), yeast and algae. This particulate oxide composition contains more cerium oxide than trivalent dopant and has a unique depth profile in which the average trivalent dopant to Ce ratio at about 0 nm to about 3.5 nm from the surface of the particulate composition is greater than the trivalent dopant to Ce ratio at about 15 nm from the surface of the particulate composition. These trivalent doped cerium oxide compositions can be used to remove these biological contaminants from fluids, including air and water, and from solid surfaces. Also described are methods of using compositions containing these trivalent doped cerium oxide compositions to remove biological contaminants.

The present Invention relates to a new and novel process for treatment of wastewater that combines treatment methods that use Ballast Material (BM), Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC), Hydrodynamic Cavitation (HDC), Probiotics (PB), acid, and Bio-Adsorbents (BA) to replace biological treatment of wastewater, specifically Activated Sludge Technology (AST).

Disclosed herein is 4-chamber microbial electrolysis process and apparatus that recovers lignin, NaOH, and H.sub.2 products while removing waste organics from deacetylation and mechanical refining black liquor.

The invention relates to a photocatalyst that is active under irradiation with UV light, visible light and sunlight, comprising a powder or a ready-to-use nanometric suspension of nitrogen-doped TiO.sub.2, wherein the brookite crystalline phase is also present and whose doping nitrogen content (% by weight) is sufficient to ensure photocatalytic activity in the visible region. The photocatalyst can be easily applied to substrates of varying nature.

Disclosed is a device for treating high-concentration organic wastewater by catalyst hydrothermal gasification, including a CHG reactor, a temporary wastewater storage tank and a condensing heat exchanger which are sequentially in loop connection. The CHG reactor includes a shell, a thermocouple, a water distribution device, and a packing support. The device of the present disclosure can quickly convert the high-concentration organic wastewater into clean energy or harmless gas at a low temperature under the action of a catalyst, so that the energy consumption of a treatment process is greatly reduced, and the treatment efficiency is improved. The device has potential application prospect.

A method and system is provided for treating waste generated from manufacturing operations including at least one of Printed Circuit Boards Fabrication (PCB FAB), General Metal Finishing (GMF), semiconductors manufacturing, chemical milling, and Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD). The method and system are used to create zero liquid discharge recycling.

The disclosure provides a repairing material for emergency treatment of a black and odorous surface water environment and its preparation method, belonging to the fields of environmental science and engineering technology. The preparation method of the disclosure specifically includes the following steps: (1) uniformly stirring activated carbon, calcium chloride, ammonia water solution, polyethylene glycol and water in a stirrer, then dropwise adding hydrogen peroxide, and after the completion of the dropwise adding, obtaining a calcium peroxide repairing material solution; (2) adding a sodium hydroxide solution to the calcium peroxide repairing material solution obtained in step (1) until a pH reaches 11.5, thereby obtaining a suspension; (3) centrifuging the suspension in step (2) to obtain a solid; and (4) washing the solid in step (3) with distilled water until a final pH of residual water reaches 8.4, and then drying the obtained precipitate to obtain the repairing material. The repairing material of the disclosure has good treatment effect and high efficiency.

A sewage treatment apparatus is provided for reducing nitrogen content in sewage fluid (e.g., after primary treatment). The apparatus uses vegetation to process the sewage fluid and reduce ammonia and organic nitrogen in the processed sewage fluid by uptake of the ammonia and organic nitrogen into the vegetation and by converting the residual ammonia and organic nitrogen into nitrites and nitrates. The apparatus also uses a feedback loop to combine the processed sewage fluid and the raw sewage fluid, such that nitrites and nitrates in the processed sewage fluid are reduced by interacting with carbonaceous waste in the raw sewage fluid.

Methods for electrochemically oxidizing organic compounds in aqueous solution. The methods include contacting an aqueous solution comprising organic compounds with a first anode and electrochemically oxidizing at least a portion of the organic compounds to provide a first aqueous solution comprising oxidation products; and contacting the first aqueous solution comprising oxidation products with a first cathode and electrochemically reducing at least a portion of the oxidation products to provide a first aqueous solution comprising reduced products and residual oxidizable organic compounds. The first aqueous solution can be further treated to electrochemically oxidize at least a portion of the residual oxidizable organic compounds to provide a second aqueous solution comprising oxidation products, and the second aqueous solution can be further treated to electrochemically reduce at least a portion of the oxidation products to provide a third aqueous solution comprising reduced products and residual oxidizable organic compounds. Systems for electrochemically oxidizing organic compounds and effectively carrying out the methods are also provided.

The present disclosure discloses a cellulose nanocrystal-supported sodium alginate adsorbent and use thereof in enriching organic phosphorus in wastewater, belonging to the technical field of environmental engineering. Cellulose nanocrystals are prepared from papermaking deinking sludge through chemical conditioning, drying, crushing, chemical oxidation and microwave assisted separation, and then supported on alginate under weakly acidic conditions to provide the cellulose nanocrystals with the ability to enrich organic phosphorus in wastewater. By using this method, the content of organic phosphorus in the wastewater can be significantly reduced, the total phosphorus in the effluent can be reduced, and the wastewater treatment effluent can satisfy the discharge standard. The enriched organic phosphorus can be recycled as a phosphorus resource through incineration. In addition, the papermaking deinking sludge is made into the product with a high added value, so the applicability of the papermaking deinking sludge is broadened. The present disclosure has high feasibility.