Disclosed is a device for selective oxidation of macromolecular organic pollutants using free radicals produced in a heterogeneous Fenton reaction. The device includes a heterogeneous Fenton reaction unit and an electrochemical cell. The heterogeneous Fenton reaction unit includes a reactor and an anion exchange membrane. The anion exchange membrane is disposed in the reactor and separates the reactor into a first chamber and a second chamber. The first chamber is filled with a catalyst and the wastewater to be treated; and the second chamber is filled with a dielectric material. The electrochemical cell is configured to supply an electric field to the reactor, so that organic acids generated by a heterogeneous Fenton reaction move from the first chamber into the second chamber.

A round filter element of a filter for a urea-water solution has a filter bellows with a filter medium that continuously extends circumferentially, relative to a filter element axis, around an element interior. An end body is fastened to an end face of the filter bellows and provided with a connecting section for fastening the round filter element to a housing cover of a filter housing of the filter. The end body has a central opening communicating with the element interior. The central opening has a central insertion section for receiving a flexible separation section of a volume compensation device of the filter and has an outer flow-through section enabling flow of the urea-water solution out of the filtration volume or into the filtration volume. The filter has a volume compensation device with a flexible separation section that separates a compensation volume from the filtration volume of the filter.

A treatment module including a housing having an input port and an output port; a plurality of treatment members, each treatment member having a skeleton and a mesh material provided over the skeleton, the mesh material being joined to the skeleton at one or more portions of the skeleton; and a layer of particles formed over a first side of the mesh material, the layer having pores of sufficient size to enable a fluid to flow through the layer.

An apparatus for degrading the organic fraction of sewage by means of active biomass, in particular active sludge particles, comprising: —at least one tank (1) adapted to contain the sewage and said active biomass; —at least one hollow structure (6, 106, 206), adapted to be at least partially immersed in the sewage, provided with at least one first opening (61) for letting in the sewage and with at least one second opening (62) for letting out the sewage, wherein the ratio between the area of the at least one first opening (61) and the area of the at least one second opening (62) is equal to at least 5:1; —air delivery means (7, 70) adapted to introduce air inside said at least one structure (6, 106, 206); wherein said at least one first opening (61) is proximal to said air delivery means (7, 70) and said at least one second opening (62) is distal from said air delivery means (7, 70), so that the air delivery means (7, 70) are adapted to generate a flow of sewage from said at least one first opening (61) to said at least one second opening (62).

A system for producing steam includes a source of superheated water with superheated water output; a membrane filtration system in fluid communication with the superheated water output and including a membrane filter with a permeate side and an opposing retentate side. The membrane filter includes a separation membrane constructed to reject organic molecules. The system may be used for removing organic compounds, such as anti-corrosion agents or contaminants, from superheated water to produce steam. A method for producing steam includes directing a cross-flow of heated pressurized water including a first concentration of an organic compound across a membrane filter. The membrane filter includes a separation membrane constructed to reject the organic compound; and one or more support layers adjacent the separation membrane. A steam permeate including a second concentration of the organic compound is collected, where the second concentration is lower than the first.

A method for making a titania-polymer nanocomposite by simultaneously forming TiO.sub.2 nanoparticles in situ from a TiO.sub.2 precursor in the presence of urea and interfacially polymerizing polyamide precursors thereby producing a titania-polymer nanocomposite. A titania-polymer nanocomposite made by this method. A method for removing a dye or metal from water comprising contacting contaminated water with the titania-polymer nanocomposite.

The invention relates to a method for preferably continuous treatment and/or purifying of water encumbered by contaminants, in particular organic contaminants, preferably micropollutants and/or trace substances, in particular untreated water, preferably for purposes of producing and/or obtaining treated and/or purified water, in particular pure water, preferably drinking water and/or service water. The invention further relates to a water treatment system for carrying out said method and to applications thereof.

An ozone-photocatalysis reactor, comprising: a shell layer (1); activated carbon layers (2) arranged in the shell layer (1); and at least one photoxidation unit arranged in the shell layer (1) and above the activated carbon layers (2). The photoxidation unit comprises a honeycomb activated carbon layer I (3), a light source layer and a honeycomb activated carbon bed layer II (4) sequentially from bottom to top. A gas inlet (7) and a water inlet (6) are formed in the shell layer below the activated carbon layers (2); a water outlet (9) and a gas outlet (10) are formed in the shell layer (1) above the photoxidation unit; and the activated carbon layers (2), at least one honeycomb activated carbon bed layer I (3) and at least one honeycomb activated carbon bed layer II (4) are loaded with a solid catalyst. The reactor uses ozone oxidation and ozone-photocatalysis sufficiently for sewage treatment, the treatment time is short, and the treatment efficiency is high.

The present invention relates to a water treatment system comprising a pre-filtering device receiving water, such as waste water, to be treated and providing a filtrate, and a biological treatment device being fluidic connectable to or in fluidic connection with the pre-filtering device for receiving the filtrate from the pre-filtering device. The biological treatment device is adapted to perform a biological treatment of the filtrate and to provide sludge solids. The pre-filtering device is a cake filtration device having a filtration cake wherein the filtration cake is being provided by deposition of solids from the sludge formed in the biological treatment device. A water treatment process employing the system and a method of forming a filter cake are also described.

In a process for treating wastewater from a combined gasification and Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) process, feedstock derived from Municipal Solid Waste or the like is gasified in a reactor (R) and treated in a cleanup unit (C) which generates a first wastewater stream (1st WWT STREAM) containing salts and inorganic pollutants. The first wastewater stream is treated in a treatment unit (T1) to remove inorganic pollutants derived from the syngas The treatment comprises a) degassing, and subsequently b) neutralising the first wastewater stream before treatment in a Dissolved Air Flotation unit (72c) and filtering in a moving sand bed or similar (72d) to remove solids, and a stripping process to remove ammonia. A second wastewater stream (2.sup.nd WWT Stream) containing organic pollutants but being low in salts arises from the F-T process and is treated separately to allow recycling within the F-T process.