Systems and methods for generating reactive oxygen species formulations useful in various oxidation applications. Exemplary formulations include singlet oxygen or superoxide and can also contain hydroxyl radicals or hydroperoxy radicals, among others. Formulations can contain other reactive species, including other radicals. Exemplary formulations containing peracids are activated to generate singlet oxygen. Exemplary formulations include those containing a mixture of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Exemplary formulations include those in which one or more components of the formulation are generated electrochemically. Formulations of the invention containing reactive oxygen species can be further activated to generate reactive oxygen species using activation chosen from a Fenton or Fenton-like catalyst, ultrasound, ultraviolet radiation or thermal activation. Exemplary applications of the formulations of the invention among others include: cleaning in place applications, water treatment, soil decontamination and flushing of well casings and water distribution pipes.

The present invention is a modified apparatus for wastewater recycling including a toilet tank device, a water amount control assembly, and a three-way pipe. The toilet tank device includes a filtering space provided with a filtering apparatus and a water level sensing apparatus and a device area provided with a pressurizing device at least one filter, and a transfer pipe. The water amount control assembly includes a driving apparatus, a cleaning pipe group, and a wastewater transfer pipe group. When clean water is transferred to clean the filter, the clean water can be transferred through a combination of the cleaning pipe group and the pressurizing device with a water amount controlled by the driving apparatus, and wastewater passing through the filtering apparatus can be transferred through a combination of the wastewater transfer pipe group and the pressurizing device with a water output amount controlled by the driving apparatus.

An ultraviolet (UV) light disinfection system for treating water prior to its delivery to a water usage device. One or more UV light emitting diodes (LEDs) are positioned within a water system floor interface in order to expose water flowing through the system to germicidal light treatment.

The efficiency of water disinfection can be significantly increased by supplying the ozone in combination with oxygen to an inlet of a cavitation pump. The ozone and the oxygen are turned into ultra-fine bubbles via cavitation action within the pump, facilitating the dissolution of the oxygen and ozone within the water. The water mixed with the oxygen and the ozone is subsequently supplied to a line atomizer, where the dissolution of the ozone within the mixture is completed. The combined use of the cavitation pump and the line atomizer can lead to a substantially complete dissolution of the supplied ozone within water that needs to be disinfected, allowing to easily achieve the concentration of ozone necessary for water disinfection. Due to this efficiency, the system and method described are highly scalable and suitable for water purification at water purification plants of various sizes.

Wastewater leaching chambers and leaching channels are disclosed. The chambers may include a recess for receiving a wastewater supply, the recess serving to lower the overall height of the combined chamber and supply. The recess also configured to tightly seat the supply and form a gap therebetween. Leaching channels having a high aspect ratio may also be coupled to or otherwise in fluid communication with the chamber.

Wastewater containing scale components, organic substances, inorganic ions, and the like, such as human effluent, generated in a closed system space, such as a nuclear shelter, a hazardous shelter, a space station or a moon-Mars mission manned spacecraft, or a lunar base is efficiently treated by a simple structural apparatus, so that water is recovered. After a hardness component is removed from water to be treated, such as human effluent, by a softening device, and heat exchange is performed between softening treated water and electrolysis treated water by a heat exchanger, by a high-temperature and high-pressure electrolysis device, organic substances, urea, ammonia, and the like are removed by electrolysis performed under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. After the electrolysis treated water is processed by a deaeration treatment using a deaeration membrane device, a desalting treatment is performed by acid/alkali manufacturing electrodialysis devices and provided in series at two stages.

Applicant's faradic porosity cell combines adsorption (physical and capacitive) and faradic immobilization of a target species by optimizing electrode porosity, applied E, and Pourbaix operating regions. The optimization parameters are (i) physical adsorption; (ii) capacitive adsorption; (iii) electrochemical pH modulation; (iv) electrochemical peroxide (H.sub.2O.sub.2) generation; (v) electrodeposition (e.g., electroplating, electrophoretic deposition); (vi) electrochemical oxidation or reduction; (vii) precipitation; (viii) pore mouth diameter profile, and (ix) electrode spacing, and (xi) flow-by vs. flow-through vs. carbon block cell design.

A processing device for grey water for a rail vehicle includes a grey water container, a grey water supply in an inlet region, a drain for processed grey water in an outlet region, and a slotted filter between the inlet and outlet regions that has at least one movable sliding member which touches the base of the grey water container in a lowered position and is lifted off the base in a raised position. The base of the grey water container rises from the inlet region to the outlet region. A cleaning outflow is disposed in the inlet region on the base side. A fresh water supply for supplying fresh water is disposed in the outlet region. A rail vehicle having at least one processing device for grey water for a WC module or toilet bowl is also provided.

The present invention relates to a method to purify nutrient-contaminated water for safe reuse or discharge, while recovering the fertilizer value of the contaminants. The core components of the invention are digestion tanks for the conversion by appropriate fauna and aerobic bacteria of dissolved or suspended organic contaminants into dissolved inorganic contaminants, which are flow-connected to biofiltration tanks for the removal by plant root uptake of dissolved inorganic contaminants. Generally, the digestion and biofiltration tanks are configured as follows: the contaminated water is conducted between one or more digestion tanks containing detritivorous or omnivorous fauna (which feed on suspended contaminants and pathogens) and naturally-occurring aerobic bacteria (which feed on the excreta of the fauna, solubilize and decompose organic contaminants, oxidize nitrogen into nitrates, and compete with pathogens), and one or more biofiltration tanks containing plants rooted in the water (which take up dissolved inorganic contaminants, primarily phosphates and nitrates).

An assemblable appliance and method of recycling organic waste into biogas and liquid fertilizer, implementing essentially anaerobic digestion processes, is described. The assemblable appliance includes: a pliant structured exoskeletal envelope, pliable collapsible anaerobic digester and gas tank. A compact kit-of-parts for assembling the aforementioned appliance and respective method using the aforementioned appliance for recycling organic waste into biogas and liquid fertilizer are described.