Embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods and systems for treating irrigation water by introducing a propagating electromagnetic field into the irrigation water as it flows through an irrigation system. The treatments described herein may have a variety of beneficial effects when applied to hydrophobic soils, including a significant increase in the percentage of the water that is maintained in the root zone of a given crop as plant-available water and the essential mineral, e.g. calcium and/or magnesium, uptake of that crop. The treatments described herein may also have beneficial effects when applied to hydrophilic soils, and particularly high salinity, hydrophilic soils, including a reduction in the soil salinity, including the amount of chlorates, within a root zone of a crop.

Provided is a method of producing a liquid mineral extract containing an abundant amount of potassium that is a mineral component extremely important for humans. A mineral is extracted from activated carbon of a plant-derived raw material using an aqueous solvent.

Provided herein are methods and compositions for water disinfection. The methods and compositions, which can include a peracid and a source of copper ions, are useful for treatment of water contaminated with recalcitrant microbes.

One aspect of the present invention relates to a carbonaceous material having a BET specific surface area calculated from a nitrogen adsorption isotherm by a BET method, of 750 m.sup.2/g or more and 1000 m.sup.2/g or less, a ratio of a pore volume of pores of 0.3875 to 0.9125 nm calculated from the nitrogen adsorption isotherm by a HK method to a total pore volume calculated from the nitrogen adsorption isotherm by the HK method, of 80% or more, and an average pore diameter obtained by the following formula using the BET specific surface area and the total pore volume calculated from the nitrogen adsorption isotherm by the HK method, of 1.614 nm or less: D=4000×V/S (wherein D represents the average pore diameter (nm), V represents the total pore volume (mL/g), and S represents the specific surface area (m.sup.2/g)).

A fluid electrolysis apparatus includes: a body part which includes an inlet port and an outlet port formed thereon and is provided with an inner space through which a fluid introduced through the inlet port passes to be discharged through the outlet port; an electrode part mounted in the inner space and including a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate, to which external powers of opposite polarity are applied, respectively, wherein the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate are alternately arranged while being spaced apart from each other, to form a plurality of fluid channels between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate; and a conductive connection terminal part integrally formed with the body part so that at least a portion of a body thereof is embedded in the body part to apply external power to the electrode.

Introduced here are treatment systems and associated processes for treating water using magnetic fields. A treatment system can comprise a hydromagnetic resonator that creates the magnetic fields through which water can be directed. A hydromagnetic resonator can include at least one expansion chamber that provides a tortuous path along which water is able to flow through a magnetic field created by an arrangement of permanent magnets and at least one convergent-divergent nozzle designed to accelerate the flow of waterpassing through a throat segment. Water directed through a hydromagnetic resonator will be magnetically treated while flowing through the magnetic field created by the arrangement of permanent magnets within each expansion chamber and then pressurized while flowing through the throat segment of each convergent-divergent nozzle.

Provided is a liquid mineral concentrate composition that can be added to water, food, drink, or the like to improve the flavor and function thereof. The liquid mineral concentrate composition contains potassium ions the concentration of which is the highest of the metal ions present in the liquid mineral concentrate composition.

A green red blue (GRB) LED is used to emit electromagnetic radiation to treat water or a nutrient for plant growth enrichment. In addition to the LED, a cavity resonator is used to resonate with background electromagnetic radiation and direct the electromagnetic radiation to treat water or a nutrient for plant growth enrichment.

A gas solution manufacturing device 1 includes a gas supply line 2 configured to supply a gas as a raw material of a gas solution, a liquid supply line 3 configured to supply a liquid as a raw material of the gas solution, a gas solution production unit 4 configured to mix the gas and the liquid together to produce the gas solution, a gas-liquid separation unit 5 configured to perform gas-liquid separation of the produced gas solution into a supplied liquid to be supplied to a use point and a discharged gas to be discharged through an exhaust port, and a gas dissolving unit 6 provided in the liquid supply line 4 and configured to dissolve the discharged gas resulting from the gas-liquid separation in the liquid. The gas dissolving unit 6 is configured with a hollow fiber membrane configured with a gas permeable membrane.

A method and system for use therein for providing O.sub.2 and H.sub.2 gases directly to the soil proximal to the roots of plants via electrolysis is described. The method employs at least one electrolyzer disposed adjacent to, or inline with, the irrigation waterline of the plant grow operation to facilitate the introduction of the gases to the soil. A power source is used to provide the electrolytic conversion, and gases remain in a micro-bubbled form to flow through the waterline more easily to the plants where they are needed the most. A venturi is used to channel the dissolved gases in the waterline from the electrolyzer in embodiments having an external HyGrO unit. The inline embodiment electrolyzes the water without need of a venturi to reintroduce the gases to the waterline.