The present invention proves a hydrogen injection apparatus that is good in terms of work efficiency and sanitation at the time of maintenance and that is capable of generating hydrogen water the hydrogen content of which is flexibly adjustable. The hydrogen injection apparatus according to the present invention includes a reference vessel, on the bottom of which a particle having a material for reacting with water to generate hydrogen formed on the surface thereof is placed, the reference vessel being configured to store water for reaction with hydrogen, a communication means for fluidly connecting the interior of the upper side of the reference vessel to the storage water for drinking in the state in which the reference vessel is sealed, and an auxiliary means for increasing injection of hydrogen into the storage water for drinking from the reference vessel through the communication means.

A method for providing magnetic fluid treatment in which at least one electrical conductor comprising at least one length of an electrical conducting material having a first conductor lead and a second conductor lead is energized. The electrical conductor is coiled with at least one turn to form at least one uninterrupted coil of electrical conductor encircling at least a section of an outer surface of a conduit. Energizing the at least one electrical conductor establishes a magnetic field having lines of flux directed along the flow path and concentrated in a non-magnetically conductive region located between two magnetically conductive regions. A fluid is directed through the conduit past the non-magnetically conductive region to provide magnetic fluid treatment to the fluid.

Described herein is a filtration medium comprising a carbon substrate having a surface of CO.sub.xE.sub.y, wherein E is selected from at least one of S, Se, and Te; and wherein x is no more than 0.1 and y is 0.005 to 0.3; a filtration device comprising the filtration medium; and methods of removing chloramines from aqueous solutions.

There is described a radiation source module for use in a fluid treatment system. The radiation source module comprises a plurality of elongate radiation source elements secured to a frame element, each elongate radiation source element having a longitudinal axis; a first motive element secured to a first side portion of the frame element; and a second motive element secured to a second side portion of the frame element. The first motive element and the second motive element are configured to reversibly translate the plurality of elongate radiation source elements in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis. A fluid treatment system comprising the radiation source module is also described.

Compositions, tablets, prills and granules are provided including (a) about 95 to about 99.999 weight percent of at least one alkali metal hydrogen sulfate; and (b) about 0.001 to less than 0.08 weight percent of at least one alkali metal salt of a fatty carboxylic acid and/or at least one alkaline earth metal salt of a fatty carboxylic acid; wherein the composition includes less than 1 weight percent of chlorite and/or hypochlorite and less than 1 weight percent of alkali metal salt and/or alkaline earth metal salt that is chemically different from the at least one alkali metal hydrogen sulfate, the at least one alkali metal salt of a fatty carboxylic acid and the at least one alkaline earth metal salt of a fatty carboxylic acid, on a basis of total weight of the composition. Methods of use also are provided.

There is set out highly efficient processes for the production of alkaline spring waters. The processes are designed to minimize the use of the additive alkaline formulations used to create the alkalinity in the spring waters and the use of a maximum amount of non-purified spring water in the formulation of the final alkaline spring water product. This is accomplished by dividing the input spring water into at least two portions. One portion undergoes a purification process and the other is not purified. Each portion is tested in increments for the amount of alkaline formulation needed to attain a pH of at least about 10 and designated potassium ion and sodium ion contents. From the testing the amount of the purified spring water and the amount of non-purified spring water needed to be combined to yield a pH of at least about 10 and the designated potassium ion and the sodium ion contents is calculated. It is desired to use a minimum of alkaline formulation to achieve the set Ph and potassium and sodium ion concentration. In this way the more costly components of the alkaline formulation and the purified spring water can be minimized, but yet the taste and stability maintained over a period of time. The processes apply to waters from a single spring and from a plurality of springs.

Provided is an UFB generating apparatus and an UFB generating method capable of efficiently generating an UFB-containing liquid with high purity. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus includes a generating unit that generates ultrafine bubbles in a liquid and a post-processing unit that performs predetermined post-processing on the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid generated by the generating unit. The generating unit generates the ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element, which is provided in the liquid on which the pre-processing is performed, to generate heat to generate film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element.

Provided are a treatment method for a barren solution, and a treatment device for a barren solution, with which hydrogen sulfide can be efficiently removed from the barren solution. In an aeration tank provided with a vertical-type cylindrical reaction vessel, stirring blades arranged in the reaction vessel, and an annular aeration tube having a large number of air outlets, which is arranged to a bottom part of the reaction vessel, aeration is performed by blowing gas for aeration into the reaction vessel from a large number of air outlets of the aeration tube while stirring a liquid by rotation of the stirring blades.

The present invention relates to an optimised composition for reducing water evaporation and for preventing and/or N delaying the growth of microalgae, which is an organic microlayer comprising one or more hydrophobic-chain amphiphilic molecules and a biodegradable volatile organic solvent. In addition, the invention relates to a method for reducing water evaporation and for preventing and/or delaying the growth of microalgae, by applying said composition to aqueous surfaces.

Devices and methods are provided for in-line water treatment using strong magnetic fields to influence corrosion, separate toxins, suppress bacteria and bio-fouling, as well as inhibit or greatly reduce mineral scaling due to fluid flow in or around equipment components. For example, a device is provided for applying a magnetic field to a portion of tubing through which a fluid flow, such as water, is conveyed. The device includes a number of links joined together via detachable pivoting connections, such that links may be removed and/or links may be added, thereby allowing a diameter of the device to be adjusted so as to accommodate larger or smaller piping, as necessary, for retrofitting applications. The use of magnetic treatment of fluids such as water may allow extended cycles of operation with higher concentration of mineral salts without the use of chemical scaling suppressants.