A water treatment apparatus management system which manages a household water treatment apparatus located at or near a place of water use, and treats water before treatment with at least one type of filter to produce treated water for the place of water use. The system includes: a filter information storage unit storing information regarding an in-service filter used in the household water treatment apparatus; an information receiver receiving information regarding performance change of the in-service filter from the household water treatment apparatus; and a water type estimation means that estimates a water type of the water before treatment based on the information regarding performance change and the information regarding the in-service filter. The information regarding the in-service filter includes reference information of performance change of the same or the same type of filter as the in-service filter for each of plural types of reference water before treatment.

Plasma discharges and electromagnetic fields may be applied to a liquid, such as water, for desalinization purposes and to treat unwanted material in the liquid.

The invention relates to an arrangement for a latent-heat exchanger chamber, usable in distillation devices, which comprises an evaporator in a capillary evaporation regime on the inner face thereof and a condenser in a capillary condensation regime on the outer face thereof, with a system for the dosed supply of liquid into microgrooves or micro undulations of the inner evaporator face, preventing the formation of thin films of water on the evaporator face, the arrangement achieving high latent-heat transfer coefficients.

The present invention provides a novel floating and renewable energy-powered desalination vessel, which also functions as a wind turbine generator and wave energy generator platform. With energy derived from the wind and waves, the vessel performs reverse osmosis within a vertically positioned cylindrical section extending below a buoyancy chamber. The cylindrical section contains reverse osmosis membranes located above a seawater screening and filtration system, which serve as ballast. The entire vessel and power systems are configured to have the center of mass below the center of buoyancy, forming a vertically stable floating structure with minimum pitch, roll, and wave heave in high sea states. The electric power generated is utilized internally to produce desalinated water or hydrogen from the desalinated water's electrolysis, power an onboard data center, or power delivery to a shoreside power grid. In addition to a wind turbine generator and a wave energy generator, a photovoltaic array or a marine current generator may be utilized to power these applications. Alternatively, the desalination vessel operates with the assistance of shore-based power provided by cable.

Divalent ions are extracted from solids by leaching to form a divalent ion-containing solution. The divalent ion-containing solution is subjected to concentration to form a concentrated divalent ion-containing solution. Precipitation of a divalent ion hydroxide salt is induced from the concentrated divalent ion-containing solution. In other cases, the concentrated divalent ion-containing solution is exposed to carbon dioxide to induce precipitation of a divalent ion carbonate salt.

A method of evaporating a fluid is provided. The method comprises forming a flow with toroidal vortices in the fluid, such that the fluid is exposed to alternating flow velocities and alternating pressures, thereby increasing evaporation of the fluid. A method of precipitating salt out of an aqueous solution is also provided. The method comprises forming a flow with toroidal vortices in the aqueous solution, such that the aqueous solution is exposed to alternating flow velocities and alternating pressures, thereby initiating precipitation of salts from the solution.

A system for membrane fouling control configured to run one or more filter cycles, wherein each filter cycle of the one or more filter cycles includes an operation mode and a cleaning mode. The system includes: a first conduct portion; a second conduct portion; a membrane arranged between the first conduct portion and the second conduct portion. The membrane is configured in the operation mode to filter a liquid to be filtered by conducting it from the first conduct portion to the second conduct portion. A fouling control means filled with fouling control particles is added in the operation mode in the first conduct portion so that a dynamic protective layer is formed on the membrane. The fouling control particles are mineral particles based on calcium and/or magnesium.

A novel Salt Repellent Technique is presented to remove all inorganic salts from seawater to get potable water. The repellent additives recommended throws out all salts of sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium and the like ions from seawater and paves way to get salt free potable water. The conventional washing of ice crystals is completely avoided due to the presence of additives. This technique helps to remove last traces of salts from seawater and analogous waters, without undertaking the conventional washing process. The new salt repellent process assures of high water recovery, ease of operation, lesser pollution, smaller plants, simpler machinery and technology, lower energy cost, nil or lesser pre-treatment and recovery of valuable by-products. To reduce the TDS still lower, it is recommended to have a simplified reverse osmosis unit in addition, as a post-operative arrangement.

The ParaDice Process System is the interconnection of a renewable power source to power an ocean water electrolysis apparatus comprising a water container, an electrolysis cell, optionally a precious metal harvesting probe, a filtration system, and a settlement pond wherein the hydrogen generated as a result of electrolysis is supplied to either a hydrogen combustion engine or hydrogen turbine to power an electricity generator thereby creating a renewable zero carbon emission electric power generation system. The hydrogen gas is collected by a chlorine scrubber and transferred to either a hydrogen combustion engine or a hydrogen turbine. Where a hydrogen turbine is embodied the waste heat created therein is used to generate electricity and increase the performance of the filtration system and settlement pond.

A method for mitigating formation of biofilm in a water system using predictive analysis of biofilm growth. An electrical current to the water system is used to deactivate bacteria and mitigate biofilm formation. The method also allows for optional dosing of the water system with biocide. A system is also used for mitigating formation of biofilm in a water system, made of a bacterial deactivator, a biofouling sensor, a biofouling potential analyzer, and a controller to synthesize data from the analyzer and sensor to model and predict biofouling events and operate the bacterial deactivator based upon the modeling and prediction.