A purification device for water has a housing with a longitudinal axis, an upper and a lower end and a substantially round cross section. The device includes a first receptacle, arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing, for a first purification medium, and a second receptacle, which is also arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing, for a second purification medium. The receptacle for the second purification medium is arranged eccentrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the housing.

A reverse osmosis system includes a membrane unit, an energy recovery device, high and low pressure inlet lines, and a concentrate line. The membrane unit has a membrane, an inlet for receiving a feed fluid, a permeate outlet for discharging a permeate fluid and a concentrate outlet for discharging a concentrate fluid. The energy recovering device has a turbine portion, a turbine inlet and a turbine outlet, a pump portion, a pump inlet and a pump outlet, a motor, and a motor control unit for controlling the motor. The low pressure inlet line is connected to the pump inlet for supplying the feed fluid at a low pressure. The high pressure inlet line connects the pump outlet with the inlet for supplying the feed fluid at a high pressure. The concentrate line connects the concentrate outlet with the turbine inlet for supplying the concentrate fluid to the turbine portion.

The present invention is a method of suppressing bio-film formation on a structure in water, including irradiating light comprising the spectrum of 409 to 412 nm to the structure where bio-film formation is to be suppressed.

An apparatus for dehalogenating an aqueous salt solution may include a tank, an electrode pair positioned at least partially within the tank, and an aerator positioned at least partially below an anode of the electrode pair. An inlet of the tank may be configured to introduce the aqueous salt solution into the tank, and as the aqueous salt solution contacts the electrode pair that may include a voltage potential between the anode and cathode, electrolysis occurs and the halogens in the aqueous salt solution, e.g. chloride, may be oxidized at the anode. The aerator may be configured to sweep the halogens to the top of the tank.

A new and innovative power and treated water co-generation system is provided that includes a modified Kalina cycle and a forward osmosis (FO) membrane. The Kalina cycle of the provided system is used for power production, whereas the system's FO process is used for water production. The provided system modifies a typical Kalina cycle to include a more efficient and relatively low-temperature heat source, while still utilizing the same working fluid, which is ammonia-water. The draw solution for the provided system's FO process is also ammonia-water, which is known and efficient for desalination and wastewater treatment. In some aspects, the working fluid of the system may be a specific ammonia-water composition including between 30-95% ammonia. The presently disclosed system combines the Kalina process and the FO process into an improved and innovative heat integration system to minimize energy requirements and enable operation at both small and large scales.

The present invention relates to modification to permeate channels and permeate materials in a cross-flow filtration system to improve performance in counter current filtration having both retentate channels and permeate channels wherein a solution is pumped through one of the channels and drawn through a membrane to one of the other channels to assist in positive pressure driven filtration by using the osmotic pressure, concentration, or preferential solubility difference between the retentate and permeate flow streams thereby increasing or altering the flux through the membrane separating the flow streams.

The disclosure provides two integrated methods for the production of potable water from seawater or other brackish waters using chemical forced precipitation. The process is closed loop. It recycles process reactants and produces commercially valuable potable water and salts. The technology uses a computer software method of process variable control that maintains the chemical forced precipitation process salt, solvent, and water concentrations as required to optimize water production. The process fortuitously requires less energy than other water production processes and can utilize solar hot water heating or waste heat from other combustion and seawater for heating and cooling energy sources.

A water desalination system includes a first set of ultrafiltration membranes, a second set of ultrafiltration membranes, a first backwashing system configured to treat at least one of the first set of ultrafiltration membranes or the second set of ultrafiltration membranes with brine generated by a reverse osmosis process, and a second backwashing system configured to treat at least one of the first set of ultrafiltration membranes or the second set of ultrafiltration membranes with one or more chemicals and reverse osmosis permeate water.

An osmotic food production system designed to produce fruits, vegetables, and freshwater from urine or saltwater. In some embodiments the osmotic food production system also produces oxygen. In some embodiments, the osmotic food production system is portable and capable of transporting on a vehicle capable of space travel. Embodiments of the present invention can be used to address the existing problems of food production, waste disposal/utilization, oxygen generation, and water conservation in an efficient way to allow for prolonged space travel or colonization of distant planets and moons.

A cavitator to be used in a gas generator. The cavitator is provided with a cavitator inlet and a cavitator outlet having one or several cavitator channels having a cavitator channel inlet and a cavitator channel outlet. The cavitator channel or channels are further provided with cavitation inducing means, e.g. flow guiding or restricting means, wave shaped channel walls, protrusions and widenings, surface irregularities such as cavitation generating indentations or a combination thereof, for inducing a differentiated pressure within a liquid flowing through the cavitators. The cavitator further having an outer cavitator stator and an inner cavitator rotor arranged to rotate by a liquid flow through the cavitator. The rotation of the inner cavitator rotor will induce a differentiated pressure within the liquid in the cavitator promoting cavitation in the liquid flowing through the cavitator channels. A gas generator including such a cavitator as described herein is also disclosed.