Disclosed herein is an improved method of brine water treatment including the removal of calcium and/or magnesium-based hardness utilizing CO.sub.2 mineralization resulting in permanent sequestration of the CO.sub.2 via stable precipitates in conjunction with hydrogen and chlorine production from the electrolysis of brine water.

Equipment and procedure for extraction of solids from contaminated fluids whose basic purpose is to obtain the crystallised solids from the contaminated fluids, without any type of rejection in order to valorize them and to obtain purified water in a single stage, all in a continuous adiabatic/sonic process with evaporation/crystallisation and with low energy consumption and where the procedure is characterised by being constituted basically by at least three circuits fully interconnected as a single piece of equipment where the first circuit, the principal circuit, is constituted by an inlet duct of the contaminated fluid to be treated (1) followed by a pre-filter (2) followed by a filter for fine particles (3), a heat exchanger of preheated contaminated fluid (5) in the heat exchanger (4), followed by a fluid feedback pump (6) to a nozzle formed by an injector (7) and an ejector (8), which introduce the fluid to an evaporation chamber (9), where the steam that exits is introduced into a closed-loop electromagnetic servomechanism (26), an saturated steam ejector outlet (32), driven to the heat exchanger (4), outlet (13) as purified water from the saturated steam (22).

A method including reacting, at a jobsite, a total dissolved solids (TDS) water with a gas comprising carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) in the presence of a proton-removing agent to produce a CO.sub.2-reduced gas and an aqueous product comprising water and a precipitate, wherein the TDS water comprises produced water, wherein the precipitate comprises one or more carbonates, and wherein the CO.sub.2-reduced gas comprises less CO.sub.2 than the gas comprising CO.sub.2; and separating at least a portion of the water from the aqueous product to provide a concentrated slurry of the precipitate and a TDS-reduced water, wherein the TDS-reduced water comprises less TDS than the TDS water.

Compositions and methods are provided for use in controlling souring and corrosion causing prokaryotes, such as SRP, by treating oil and gas field environments or treatment fluids with a newly identified bacterial strain ATCC Accession No. PTA-124262 as a self-propagating whole cell that produces an anti-SRP bacteriocin in situ. In another aspect, the methods use one or more toxic peptides or proteins isolated therefrom in methods to control unwanted prokaryotic growth in these environments.

The present disclosure relates to the treatment of produced water from SAGD operations or other thermal in situ hydrocarbon recovery operations. The innovative products and techniques have been developed by Baymag Inc, a subsidiary of Refratechnik Holding GmbH. For example, the disclosure relates to a silica reducer composition for use in warm or hot lime softeners or evaporators for treating produced water generated from in situ hydrocarbon recovery operations. The silica reducer composition has an enhanced combination of particle sizing and surface area for facilitating silica reduction while minimizing hydration. The silica reducer composition can be manufactured by calcining followed by milling and other optional process steps.

A separation system includes an elongated separator vessel having an inlet, a heating section which is located downstream of the inlet, an oil accumulation section which is located downstream of the heating section, and an oil outlet which is connected to the oil accumulation section. The heating section includes an immersed plate heater which is fluidly connected to a heating medium heater that is located externally of the separator vessel. In operation, a heating fluid which is heated in the heating medium heater is circulated through the immersed plate heater to heat the multiphase fluid.

A method and system for reversibly converting water between an initial ionic strength and an increased ionic strength, using a switchable additive, is described. The disclosed method and system can be used, for example, in distillation-free removal of water from solvents, solutes, or solutions. Following extraction of a solute from a medium by dissolving it in water, the solute can then be isolated from the aqueous solution or “salted-out” by converting the water to a solution having an increased ionic strength. The solute then separates from the increased ionic strength solution as a separate phase. Once the solute is, for example, decanted off, the increased ionic strength aqueous solution can be converted back to water having its original ionic strength and reused. Switching from lower to higher ionic strength is readily achieved using low energy methods such as bubbling with CO.sub.2, CS.sub.2 or COS. Switching from higher to lower ionic strength is readily achieved using low energy methods such as bubbling with air, heating, agitating, introducing a vacuum or partial vacuum, or any combination or thereof.

The invention concerns an underwater water treatment unit which has specific cleaning means which are suitable for cleaning filtration membranes in the unconventional conditions associated with use at great or very great depths, as well as a method for cleaning the membrane of the underwater water treatment unit.

The invention relates to methods, systems and apparatus for distributed management of raw water and internal combustion engine (ICE) gas emissions generated during industrial operations. One aspect of the invention at least partially utilizes a hot gas air knife to increase or partially increase surface area between a raw water and a hot gas in order to vaporize a proportion of the aqueous phase of the raw water and concentrate contaminants within a residual raw water concentrate. The water vapor generated by the vaporization process may be demisted, discharged directly to the atmosphere or alternatively condensed and captured for use. Another aspect relates to how the liquids and gasses interact to continuously flush the surfaces of the system which may help mitigate scaling issues. The invention may help facilitate rapid transfer of ICE combustion gas particulate and ICE combustion gas chemicals onto and into the raw water as it concentrates.

A system includes a first separator configured to receive waste water, retain a first portion of the waste water, and separate the first portion of the waste water into a first vapor and a first solid material; and a second separator in fluid communication with the first separator, the second separator being configured to receive a second portion of the waste water from the first separator and to separate the second portion of the waste water into a second vapor and a second solid material, the second separator including a first condenser, a heating element, and a first electrocoagulation unit. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.