In an embodiment, a circuit includes: a transformer defining an inductive footprint within a first layer; a grounded shield bounded by the inductive footprint within a second layer separate from the first layer; and a circuit component bounded by the inductive footprint within a third layer separate from the second layer, wherein: the circuit component is coupled with the transformer through the second layer, and the third layer is separated from the first layer by the second layer.

Metal working fluid decontamination apparatus (10) includes: an intake arrangement (40) for metal working fluid (42); a pump (16) for providing, in use, flow pressure to the metal working fluid (42); a decontaminator (50) for reducing contamination in the metal working fluid (42); and an outlet arrangement (34) for the metal working fluid. The metal working fluid (42) is a fully synthetic metal working fluid, which comprises water and a water soluble synthetic concentrate which does not comprise oil.

Disclosed are filter aids for use in industrial processes such as metal ore beneficiation dewatering and filtering processes, paper and pulp dewatering processes and sludge dewatering in municipal waste treatment. The filter aid provides increased filtering efficiency, and reduced filter cake moisture levels.

The invention relates to a method for removing Cr(VI) ions from an aqueous electrolyte solution, particularly an electrolyte solution for electrochemical metal machining, which comprises the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) with Fe(II) ions. The Fe(II) ions are added to the electrolyte solution in the form of an aqueous salt solution which has been brought into contact with an ion exchange resin loaded with Fe(II) ions. The invention further relates to a device (1) for electrochemical machining of a workpiece (2) by means of an aqueous electrolyte solution (6), which has an ion exchanger (11) which has been loaded with an ion exchange resin charged with Fe(II) ions.

A method of treating an aqueous composition includes immersing a galvanic cell in the aqueous composition to form a treated aqueous composition. The galvanic cell includes an anode including Mg, Al, Fe, Zn, or a combination thereof. The galvanic cell includes a cathode having a different composition than the anode, the cathode including Cu, Ni, Fe, or a combination thereof.

A method of treating an aqueous composition includes immersing a galvanic cell in the aqueous composition to form a treated aqueous composition. The galvanic cell includes an anode including Mg, Al, Fe, Zn, or a combination thereof. The galvanic cell includes a cathode having a different composition than the anode, the cathode including Cu, Ni, Fe, or a combination thereof.

The present disclosure relates to the field of chemical compounds, compositions and processes. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to compositions having a high-loading capacity in an aqueous medium and to compositions, processes and uses thereof as silica coagulants in hydrometallurgical process streams.

Provided herein are processes for the removal and/or recovery of a target metal from a liquid sample, said process comprising: [1] applying acoustic cavitation to the liquid; and [2] adding an iron (II) salt, or a precursor form thereof, to the liquid sample and allowing Fenton oxidation reaction to occur between the iron and hydrogen peroxide in the liquid, thereby producing hydroxyl radicals; thereby producing a target metal salt or metal oxide having a reduced solubility in the liquid sample, leading to removal of the target metal from the liquid sample. The use of metal ligands in such processes is also described, as well as systems for performing such processes. Methods, processes, and systems for removing organic contaminants from a liquid sample are also described.

A calcium fluoride precipitation inhibitor is added to waste water containing sulfuric acid, fluorine (fluoride ions and hydrogen fluoride) and heavy metal ions to generate pretreated water. A calcium compound is added to the pretreated water to generate a first insolubilized product at a pH of less than 5, followed by solid-liquid separation. A calcium compound is added to a first separated water after the solid-liquid separation to generate a second insolubilized product at a pH of 3 to 7 (provided that the pH is a pH higher than in the first reaction step), followed by solid-liquid separation. An alkali is added to a second separated water after the solid-liquid separation to give a pH of 8 or more, thereby generating a third insolubilized product, followed by solid-liquid separation.

Disclosed is a method of simultaneously processing fly ash and COPR, which can treat the fly ash and COPR harmlessly during the landfilling process through biochemical and engineering measures. The method includes: transferring the fly ash and COPR to the yard; laying an impervious layer inside the yard; laying a diversion material at a bottom of the yard; laying a mixture layer on the diversion material, where the mixture layer contains a biogas residue, a waste carbon source, ferrous sulfate, a nutritional additive, the waste incineration fly ash and COPR; placing an internal-electrolysis ceramsite layer on the mixture layer; injecting a carbon source solution from an upper portion of the yard and collecting a leachate to a collection device through the diversion material irregularly during the operation; and recirculating the leachate to a top of the yard for spray reinjection.