This invention relates to a method for monitoring and controlling the relative concentration of bromide ion used in the cyclic process for enhanced sanitation and oxidation of aqueous systems at aquatic facilities.

The present disclosure relates to a method for the removal of organic contaminates from wastewater. The method comprises contacting wastewater comprising water and an organic contaminate with a basic immobilized amine sorbent, where the basic immobilized amine sorbent comprises a polyamine bound to an inorganic support via a linker, such that contacting the wastewater causes at a least a portion of the organic contaminate to bind to the basic immobilized amine sorbent.

A method for degrading an organism includes steps as follows. A composite structure is provided, wherein the composite structure includes a degradation activity donor and a supporter. The degradation activity donor has a piezoelectric property. The supporter carries the degradation activity donor, wherein the degradation activity donor is completely or partially covered by the supporter. A contacting step is conducted, wherein the composite structure is contacted with a medium. The medium includes at least one organism and water. A degrading step is conducted, wherein a mechanical perturbation is generated in the medium to polarize the degradation activity donor, and a separation of an electron-hole pair is generated for degrading the organism.

This invention provides for a continuous process for treating a contaminated fluid. The process comprising introducing an oxidizing agent to the contaminated fluid feed, and contacting the contaminated fluid feed with an oxidizing agent activator, wherein the oxidizing agent activator is immobilized on a replaceable permeable reaction barrier.

Use of Keplerate type polyoxomolybdates of the general structure Mo.sub.72M.sub.30, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Cr, V or Mo.sub.2, for decontaminating aqueous media (water) from inorganic and organic pollutants

A method of treating an aqueous composition includes immersing a galvanic cell in the aqueous composition to form a treated aqueous composition. The galvanic cell includes an anode including Mg, Al, Fe, Zn, or a combination thereof. The galvanic cell includes a cathode having a different composition than the anode, the cathode including Cu, Ni, Fe, or a combination thereof.

The present application provides a method of detecting an amount of a treatment agent, such as a flocculating agent, in a process stream comprising the step of measuring at least one absorption property of a sample obtained from the process stream at a wavelength of less than about 250 nm. Processes and systems for monitoring and regulating addition of treatment agents to process streams are also provided.

A nozzle is provided for a header conduit. The nozzle includes an inlet that is resistant to clogs caused by flat materials covering the inlet. The inlet generally includes multiple pathways to an elongated passageway through which waste liquid and sludge (waste) are guided and enter the header conduit. In one embodiment, the elongated passageway is oriented to guide the waste along a path that is tangential to at least the inner surface of the header conduit which such incoming waste first contacts. When the conduit has an inner surface of circular cross-section, the passageway may optionally be elongated enough that the incoming waste enters the header conduit along a path tangential to the circular surface. To better assure axial flow of the waste in the conduit to an outlet, in one embodiment the passageway provides both the tangential flow and is at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the conduit. The incoming waste is thereby provided with an axial component. In this manner, the passageway assures that the energy and momentum of the incoming waste is helical in direction. The waste previously admitted into the header conduit is urged by the newly entering waste to continue to flow helically in the conduit. The passageways are provided at spaced intervals along the length of the conduit to collect sludge from a wide area of the bottom of the basin. Because of the tangential orientation of each of the passageways and the resulting initial tangential flow of the incoming waste, the waste incoming from each of those multiple passageways reinforces the existing helical flow of waste in the conduit.

A system for separating the components of an incoming oil-water mixture includes two electrode sets, one set arranged to apply an electrostatic field to an oil layer residing within a separator vessel and the other set arranged to apply an electrostatic field to the interface emulsion layer residing within the separator vessel. The first set of electrodes is in communication with a high voltage power source that ranges from 1 to 60 kV; the second set of electrodes is in communication with a low voltage power source that is no greater than 5 kV. Each set of electrodes may also be in communication with a second voltage source to provide increased power to promote effective coalescence. The system may also include power electronics to produce a variable amplitude and a variable frequency voltage supply to one or both electrode sets.

The present invention provides a method for extracting polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), which comprises a pre-process step and an extraction step: removing water from waste sludge containing microorganisms in the pre-process step so that the waste sludge containing microorganisms has a water content of less than 40%; and applying a high-voltage pulsed electric field to the waste sludge during the extraction step to destroy the microorganisms and release the PHAs, wherein the high-voltage pulsed electric field is between 50 volts and 400 volts, an application time of the high-voltage pulsed electric field is between 5 seconds and 90 seconds, and an application frequency of the high-voltage pulsed electric field is between 500 Hz and 1000 Hz, thereby extracting the PHAs in the case of few chemicals.