The disclosure provides two integrated methods for the production of potable water from seawater or other brackish waters using chemical forced precipitation. The process is closed loop. It recycles process reactants and produces commercially valuable potable water and salts. The technology uses a computer software method of process variable control that maintains the chemical forced precipitation process salt, solvent, and water concentrations as required to optimize water production. The process fortuitously requires less energy than other water production processes and can utilize solar hot water heating or waste heat from other combustion and seawater for heating and cooling energy sources.

A method for mitigating microbe buildup within a potable water supply system including: cleaning of the water supply system; acquiring data including at least water conditions at multiple points within the potable water supply system; a control system adjusting local water conditions within the potable water supply system; a bacteria monitor assessing water within the potable water system to determine at least levels of bacteria within the potable water system; and applying an antimicrobial condition to water within the potable water system.

The present invention provides a method of enhancing continuous directional high-value biological conversion of an urban wet garbage open system. The method includes wet garbage crushing, low-energy consumption hydrolysis, continuous conversion of organic components of wet garbage into short-chain fatty acid, continuous directional conversion of other components of short-chain fatty acid into acetic acid, separation and microbial reflux of acetic acid, and the like. In this method, by crushing wet garbage, performing low-energy consumption hydrolysis, and seeding acclimatized activated sludge, two stages of anaerobic fermentations are carried out to firstly convert organic components of the wet garbage continuously into short-chain fatty acid, and then continuously and directionally convert other components of short-chain fatty acid into acetic acid, so as to realize continuous directional high-value biological conversion of the urban wet garbage in an open system without adding pure microbes and a large amount of chemicals.

The present invention discloses a beverage dispenser, having a supply opening adapted for supplying an aqueous liquid from a source of aqueous liquid, wherein the supply opening is couplable to the source of aqueous liquid; a recooling heat exchanger having a heat receiving portion, a recooling inlet and a recooling outlet, wherein the supply opening is coupled with the recooling inlet; a reverse osmosis filter having an inlet for aqueous liquid, a permeate outlet and a concentrate outlet, wherein the recooling outlet of the recooling heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the reverse osmosis filter; and a cooling device having a cooling portion extracting heat energy from the permeate and a heat dissipation portion dissipating energy to the heat receiving portion of the recooling heat exchanger; wherein the heat dissipation portion of the cooling device is thermally coupled with the heat receiving portion of the recooling heat exchanger; and wherein the cooling portion of the cooling device is thermally coupled with the permeate exiting the permeate outlet of the reverse osmosis filter, wherein the permeate enters the cooling portion by a cooling portion permeate inlet and exits the cooling portion by a cooling portion permeate outlet.

An evaporation system for spray evaporating undesired water comprising: a first pump, a container comprising a sump, a second pump, a spray manifold comprising a spray nozzle, a packing system disposed within the container, a third pump, and an air system comprising an air blower and an air preheater is disclosed. An outlet of a water inlet is connected to an inlet of the first pump. A first portion of a ceiling of the container is constituted by a demister element such that the first portion of the ceiling is entirely configured as an outlet for evaporated water. A second portion of the ceiling is adjacent to an upper edge of a wall of the container. An outlet of the first pump is connected to an inlet of the container. An inlet of a draw line is disposed in the sump; and an outlet of the draw line is connected to an inlet of the second pump. An outlet of the second pump is connected to an inlet of the spray manifold. The spray nozzle discharges water droplets onto the packing system. An inlet of the third pump is connected to an outlet of the sump. An outlet of the third pump is connected to a discharge outlet. The air system is disposed through the wall of the container; and the air system discharges air flow counter to and/or crossways to the water droplets from the spray nozzle. A method of using the evaporation system is also disclosed.

Divalent ions are extracted from solids by leaching to form a divalent ion-containing solution. The divalent ion-containing solution is subjected to concentration to form a concentrated divalent ion-containing solution. Precipitation of a divalent ion hydroxide salt is induced from the concentrated divalent ion-containing solution. In other cases, the concentrated divalent ion-containing solution is exposed to carbon dioxide to induce precipitation of a divalent ion carbonate salt.

According to various aspects and embodiments, a system and method for polishing ultrapure water (UPW) is disclosed. The water polishing system includes a source of ultrapure water (UPW), an ultrafiltration (UF) module having an inlet and a permeate outlet, a recirculation conduit communicating the permeate outlet with the inlet and forming a recirculation loop, a recirculation pump disposed along the recirculation conduit upstream from the inlet of the UF module and fluidly coupled to the source of UPW, a supply conduit fluidly coupled to the recirculating conduit and a demand source, the supply conduit positioned downstream from the permeate outlet, and a pressure control valve disposed along the recirculation conduit downstream from the supply conduit and configured to maintain pressure of permeate at a predetermined value.

Systems and methods to separate water and remove solids from a pre-treated and unfiltered renewable feedstock at or separate from a refinery. Such systems and methods may be used to provide a reduced-contaminant and reduced-solid renewable feedstock for further refining.

A method of removing contaminants from an aqueous material, the method comprising the steps of: providing an aqueous material comprising one or more non-particulate contaminants; and filtering the aqueous material to remove at least part of the one or more non-particulate contaminants to form a recovered portion of the aqueous material in which the amount of contaminant is reduced to an amount allowing re-use of the recovered portion of the aqueous material, wherein filtering the aqueous material includes passing the aqueous material across a partially permeable membrane at a temperature higher than 50° C.

There is disclosed a modular anaerobic digestion point-of-waste to renewable energy system. The system is directed to a modular and scalable anaerobic digestion system for point-of-waste use. The System includes a pretreatment process for removing inhibitory nutrients from a feedstock, an in-treatment process for providing clean renewable energy and a post-treatment process for further providing clean renewable energy for subsequent use. The System includes a leaching bed; a liquids tank; a mixing tank; an anaerobic digester reactor; a precipitation tank; a stripping tank; a hydrogen sulfide scrubber; a water remover; a gas bladder; a dewaterer; and a flare system.