A water treatment apparatus includes a water receiver configured to receive an input of water; and an installation mechanism configured to include one or more slots in which a module for water treatment is installable. Among a plurality of types of modules available to be selected in accordance with a use of water treatment, at least one module includes a filter as a component, and the water treatment apparatus is configured to provide a water treatment function corresponding to the module to the water received at the water receiver by installing the module in one of the one or more slots.

Methods and systems are described for evaluating the level of organic contaminants in water, and in particular water that is used as boiler feedwater in food processing facilities such as sugar factories. The method includes measuring at least one parameter of the water including pH, conductivity, and/or total organic carbon, and, based on the measured values, determining whether corrective action needs to be taken to reduce the levels of organic contaminants.

A system and method for automatically controlling aeration and mixing processes are disclosed.

A treatment solution and method for removing heavy metal contaminants and oxyanion contaminants from an aqueous solution by promoting the affinity of precipitating the contaminants. The method adjusts the pH and the ORP of the contaminated aqueous solution by applying FeCl.sub.2 and/or NaOH reducing agents, and using and applying a titania-based treatment solution of TiO(SO.sub.4), H.sub.2SO.sub.4, and FeSO.sub.4.

Methods for flocculating solid particles in a provided suspension including specifying a target charge density of the suspension at which the solid particles flocculate; providing a flocculant having a charge density; determining, at a plurality of measuring times, the suspension charge density present in the suspension in the course of a titrimetric analysis, measuring the flow potential; determining, at respective of the measuring times, a quantity of the flocculant needing to be added to ensure optimal flocculation based on the target charge density, the flocculant charge density, and the suspension charge density present at the respective measuring time; and subsequently adding the determined quantity of flocculant into the suspension; and systems therefor. The methods and systems can provide the actual demand of flocculant needed for efficient flocculation in a continuous flocculation method of a suspension.

A method of operating an electrochemical cell including introducing an aqueous solution into the electrochemical cell, applying a current across an anode and a cathode to produce a product, monitoring the voltage, dissolved hydrogen, or a condition of the aqueous solution, and reversing polarity of the anode and the cathode responsive to one of the measured parameters is disclosed. An electrochemical system including an electrochemical cell including an anode and a cathode, a source of an aqueous solution having an outlet fluidly connectable to the electrochemical cell, a sensor for measuring a parameter, and a controller configured to cause the anode and the cathode to reverse polarity responsive to the parameter measurement is disclosed. Methods of suppressing accumulation of hydrogen gas within the electrochemical cell are also disclosed. Methods of facilitating operation of an electrochemical cell are also disclosed.

A chlorine generator apparatus wherein a housing is adapted to be mounted in an exterior, user-accessible surface of a spa and a chlorine generating electrode cartridge carrying a pair of electrodes is configured to be installable by a user in the housing and to thereafter be removeable by the user for replacement.

Aspects described herein relate generally to adsorbent systems and methods for capturing and/or separating organic species (e.g., uncharged organic species) from mixtures with water.

An illustrative aqueous ozone sanitizing system for body part, tissue, and instrument sanitizing, including hand rinsing and sanitizing includes a sanitizing chamber, spray devices configured to simultaneously irrigate the entire left and right hand of a user, at least two aqueous ozone generators each fluidly coupled to a subset of the spray devices, and a housing for the sanitizing chamber having an opening for guiding the user's hand orientation and position into the sanitizing chamber.

An illustrative aqueous ozone delivery device for use with an aqueous ozone generator cartridge can be used for body part, tissue, and instrument sanitizing, including hand rinsing, hand sanitizing, and clinical treatment. One embodiment includes a hooded sanitizing chamber and spray devices directed to each hand of a user, a docketing station for pluggably receiving a replaceable ozone generator and sensor cartridge, and a controller for sensing hand position and orientation, delivering a desired ozone concentration and duration.