Embodiments of the invention comprise methods and systems for optimizing coagulant dosing of raw water in a water treatment process. First, the embodiments determine the optimum dosage of pH adjusting chemicals to be added to the raw water based on a measurement of dissolved organic content, alkalinity, and pH of the raw water. Then, the embodiments perform a flocculation test of a mixture of the optimally-pH-dosed raw water and a hydrolyzing metal salt (HMS) wherein the dosage of the HMS salt in the mixture can be calculated based on a measurement of the charge demand of the optimally-pH-dosed raw water. The results of this flocculation test are compared to the results of at least one previous test of a combination of optimally-pH-dosed raw water and HMS to determine if the hydrolyzing metal salt dose is optimized. Once the HMS is optimized, the optimally-HMS-dosed optimally-pH-dosed water is tested with at least two different dosages of a polymer coagulant to determine the optimal polymer coagulant dosage to be used with the optimally-HMS-dosed optimally-pH-dosed water.

Systems and methods for cooling a computer environment are disclosed. In at least one embodiment, a cooling assembly can be used to monitor and control fluid quality associated with one or more servers.

A chemical controller for an aquatic application comprising an output relay. The chemical controller further includes a current detection circuit configured to detect current on an output of the output relay and a current fault detection device configured to output a current fault signal when a current fault condition has occurred. A relay latch of the chemical controller receives the relay enable signal and the current fault signal and decouples the relay enable signal from a corresponding output when a current fault condition has occurred. A relay drive circuit receives a signal from the corresponding output to responsively activate and deactivate the output relay. A watchdog timer circuit causes the output relay to be deactivated in response to detecting a hung processor.

To provide method and apparatus for producing alkaline water, capable of preventing mixture of fine particles derived from a gas dissolving membrane device into hydrogen water. An apparatus for producing alkaline water for cleaning electronic device includes: a pH adjusting device 11 configured to adjust ultrapure water to be alkaline; a deaeration device 13 configured to deaerate the ultrapure water adjusted to be alkaline; and a gas dissolving membrane device 14 having a gas permeable membrane to dissolve functional gas into the deaerated ultrapure water.

A process for producing a biomass for use in the treatment of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reaction water includes introducing a nutrient component comprising Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P), and water into an aerobic reaction zone containing a sewage sludge, and maintaining, in the aerobic reaction zone and under aerobic conditions, a F/M ratio of 0.25-2 kg COD/kg MLSS, where F/M=Food to Microorganism Ratio; COD=Chemical Oxygen Demand, expressed as mg oxygen/B of liquid in the aerobic reaction zone; and MLSS=Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids, expressed as mg solids in the aerobic reaction zone/B of liquid in the aerobic reaction zone. The F/M ratio is maintained for a period of time, to produce a biomass suitable for use in the treatment of FT reaction water.

A water monitoring device monitors and maintains swimming pool chemistry. The device mixes reagents with water in flowcells. The water chemistry is detected by measuring the light transmitted through the flowcells. The water monitoring device can communicate with computers, servers and mobile computing devices which can store and display the water chemistry information. The reagents can be stored in a replaceable reagent cartridge which can provide reagents for water testing and can be replaced when the reagents need to be replenished.

Systems and methods can support an autonomous pool skimming system. The pool skimming system may have a body with two or more hulls. Two or more paddlewheels may be coupled to the body. An independent motor may drive each paddlewheel. The motors may be independently controllable to support steering. The pool skimming system may have one or more processing units, two or more distance sensors, one or more solar cells, and a power supply operable to power the processing units and the motors from energy supplied by the solar cells. One or more processing modules may configure the processing units to plan and execute a traversal path across the surface of a body of water, such as a swimming pool, to collect debris into a removable basket. A portion of the traversal path may be established according to signals from distance sensors.

A central controller is used in a treatment method and system for removing at least one of nitrogen or phosphorus from wastewater. Based on data received from a plurality of sensors, each of which is coupled to a component of a wastewater treatment system, a control signal is sent from the central controller to at least one chemical delivery system, which dispenses at least one chemical compound into the wastewater in an amount effective to reduce the level of nitrogen or phosphorus in the wastewater.

Processes are disclosed for the microbial nitritation of ammonia that attenuate the production of at least one of nitrate anion and nitrous oxide. The processes use an ME biocatalyst having a highly porous, hydrophilic polymeric structure with ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms substantially irreversibly retained therein. The processes are particularly useful for integration with anammox processes.

A water conditioning composition includes at least one gluconate compound; at least one carbonate compound; one or more compounds which form a phosphate buffer when dissolved in water; and a filler material, where the composition does not include a non-ionic preservative. For example, the composition can include 6 to 12 wt. % of the at least one gluconate compound; 35 to 50 wt. % of the at least one carbonate compound; 10 to 30 wt. % of the one or more compounds which form the phosphate buffer when dissolved in water; and 20 to 40 wt. % of the filler material.