A water treatment method including: a concentration step of concentrating microorganisms in sample water to purify a concentrate; a detection step of detecting an inhibitor contained in the sample water or the concentrate; a determination step of determining whether to perform a removal step based on a result of the detection in the detection step; the removal step of removing the inhibitor from the concentrate in a case where the removal step is determined to be performed in the determination step; and a measurement step performed after the determination step or the removal step, of measuring the microorganisms contained in the concentrate.

A method for applying a chemical treatment solution to a process stream in an industrial processing system while the system is online. The method includes measuring a mineral hardness and alkalinity of the process stream, determining a dosage of the chemical treatment solution based on a relationship between the dosage and a scale saturation parameter that is calculated based on the mineral hardness and the alkalinity of the process stream, and controlling application of the chemical treatment solution to the process stream based on the determined dosage.

A coffee machine is disclosed having a water system intended to be connected to a water supply system, a filter unit disposed at the inlet of the water system, a pump, a tank disposed in the water system between the filter unit and the pump, a sensor unit disposed in the tank and suitable for measuring at least one quality parameter of the water contained in the tank, a monitoring unit electrically connected to the sensor unit to receive electrical signals that are indicative of the measured water quality parameters, transduce the electrical signals in numerical values and compare the numerical values of the measured parameters with preset threshold ranges, and a user interface operatively connected to the monitoring unit and having an alarm to indicate when a water parameter is out of the preset threshold range.

A mobile device reads a test strip to determine a chemical condition of a liquid or a user inputs a treatment plan into the mobile device. The mobile device transmits the determined chemical condition or the input treatment plan to a liquid treatment system which treats the fluid in response to the determined chemical condition or the input treatment plan.

Apparatus and a method tor the treatment of water includes a vessel (6) having a water inlet (31) and a water outlet (28a, 28b) and means for feeding water to the vessel via the water Inlet. The vessel contains a body of water and a solid particulate or granular material comprising one or more elementary metals or oxides thereof capable of raising the pH of the water. Located within the vessel and connected to the water inlet, is means (32) for causing circulatory motion of water entering the vessel sufficient to suspend the solid material within the body of water during passage of water through the vessel, whereby the pH of the water is caused to He within the range 7 to 11.

Systems and methods can support an autonomous pool skimming system. The pool skimming system may have a body with two or more hulls. Two or more paddlewheels may be coupled to the body. An independent motor may drive each paddlewheel. The motors may be independently controllable to support steering. The pool skimming system may have one or more processing units, two or more distance sensors, one or more solar cells, and a power supply operable to power the processing units and the motors from energy supplied by the solar cells. One or more processing modules may configure the processing units to plan and execute a traversal path across the surface of a body of water, such as a swimming pool, to collect debris into a removable basket. A portion of the traversal path may be established according to signals from distance sensors.

A method of controlling an output relay of a chemical controller is disclosed. The output relay is coupled to a pump configured to introduce at least one chemical into the aquatic application. The chemical controller controls the operation of the pump using the output relay. The method includes the step of utilizing a watchdog timer circuit to determine that a processor has failed to send a reset signal to the watchdog timer circuit before a timer of the watchdog timer circuit reaches zero. The method further includes the step of outputting a processor fault signal from the watchdog timer circuit.

A computer-implemented method includes controlling an instrument to measure a fluorescence emission spectrum of a sample including a first peak emission wavelength and at least a second peak emission wavelength, emitted in response to an excitation wavelength and controlling the instrument to measure an absorbance obtained at the excitation wavelength of the sample. The method may include determining, using the computer, a ratio of the measurements at either the second peak emission wavelength, or a sum of measurements at a plurality of peak emission wavelengths including at least the first peak emission wavelength and the second peak emission wavelength, to the first peak emission wavelength, and calculating, using the computer, a value for a quality parameter based on a combination of at least the ratio and the absorbance measurement. The method may include controlling an associated process based on the quality parameter.

Wastewater with high ammonia concentration is pre-treated before discharging it into a wastewater treatment plant treating lower strength wastewater, for example an activated sludge plant treating municipal sewage. The high strength wastewater is pre-treated to oxidize ammonia by contact with a fixed film supported on gas transfer membranes in a membrane aerated biofilm reactor. The pre-treatment may be a batch or continuous process. The pre-treatment can be controlled to remove ammonia to about the point of material alkalinity depletion. One or more parameters such as alkalinity, pH, or membrane exhaust oxygen concentration can be monitored to determine if alkalinity depletion has occurred or is about to occur. In some examples, the high strength wastewater is blended with wastewater having less ammonia and more alkalinity, for example municipal sewage or primary effluent. In some examples, the high strength wastewater is a liquid fraction of one or more sludges.

A mobile device reads a test strip to determine a chemical condition of a liquid or a user inputs a treatment plan into the mobile device. The mobile device transmits the determined chemical condition or the input treatment plan to a liquid treatment system which treats the fluid in response to the determined chemical condition or the input treatment plan.