The invention discloses a spatial and temporal feature-based method for measuring domestic wastewater effluent loadings, comprising the following steps: establish a model for measuring regional domestic wastewater effluent loadings; calculate regional population distribution raster data; obtain per capita effluent loading coefficients with spatial and temporal differences; calculate regional domestic wastewater effluent loadings; and compare and analyze the temporal fluctuation features and spatial variation features of regional domestic wastewater effluent loadings and identify “hotspot” periods and areas of effluent loadings. Compared with the prior art, the method for measuring domestic wastewater effluent loadings provided by the present invention is flexible, convenient and highly universal, which can significantly raise the temporal-spatial resolution of the pattern of regional domestic wastewater effluent loadings. The data needed are also publicly available. This invention can help identify key pollution areas and periods and lay a methodological foundation for precision pollution control.

A method of determining a disinfectant composition of a municipal water supply from a water sample that includes: (a) obtaining a water sample from a water source at a sampling location; (b) adding a chlorine-containing material to the water sample in the presence of an oxidation reduction potential (ORP) measurement device; (c) generating a plurality of ORP measurements during addition of the chlorine-containing material to the water sample; (d) estimating a concentration of one or more of free ammonia, fully combined ammonia, monochloramine, or a mixture of dichloramine and trichloramine in the water sample in which the estimation is derived from the relationship between the added chlorine material and the plurality of ORP measurements; and (e) determining a disinfectant composition of the water source at the water sampling location from the concentration calculation. A method of determining free ammonia composition is also included.

A process for controlling the aeration rate during the aerobic phase of a wastewater treatment process is disclosed, which comprises: (a) measuring at moment t.sub.1 the ammonium concentration [NH.sub.4.sup.+].sub.1 and nitrogen oxide concentration [NO.sub.x].sub.1 in a mixture of wastewater and microbial sludge; (b) determining a nitrogen oxide target concentration [NO.sub.x].sup.F.sub.1 at the end of the aerobic phase based on at least the current ammonium concentration [NH.sub.4.sup.+].sub.1 and the current NO.sub.x concentration [NO.sub.x].sub.1; (c) determining a setpoint [NO.sub.x].sup.SP.sub.1 based on interpolation between [NO.sub.x].sub.1 and [NO.sub.x].sup.F.sub.1; (d) adjusting the aeration rate to minimise error between [NO.sub.x].sub.1 and [NO.sub.x].sup.SP.sub.1; and (e) repeating steps (a) to (d) at further moments t.sub.1. The invention further concerns a process for the treatment of wastewater, using the process.

The present invention discloses a highly effective in situ treatment method for endogenous pollution in sludge, belonging to the field of environmental engineering water treatment. In view of the problem that it is difficult to effectively treat the endogenous pollution of river sludge, the present invention provides the highly effective in situ treatment method for endogenous pollution in sludge, which specifically adopts a combination of phoslock, calcium peroxide and aluminum modified zeolite to perform in-situ remediation of sludge, effectively inhibit the release of endogenous pollution of sludge, facilitate the ecological treatment of polluted water subsequently, and finally realize the long-term water improvement against pollution.

Provided are an anaerobic ammoxidation synergistic nitrogen removal process device of municipal sewage main and side streams and an application method thereof, comprising a municipal sewage raw water tank (1), a biological reaction pool (2), a secondary sedimentation pool (3), a sludge digestion solution raw water tank (4) and a sludge digestion solution AOB strengthening pool (5); wherein, the municipal sewage raw water tank (1) is connected with a water inlet valve (2.2) of the biological reaction pool (2) through a water inlet pump (2.1) of the biological reaction pool (2); the biological reaction pool (2) is connected with the secondary sedimentation pool (3) through a secondary sedimentation pool connection pipe (3.3); the sludge digestion solution raw water tank (4) is connected with a water outlet valve (4.1) of the sludge digestion solution raw water tank (4) through a water inlet pump (4.2) of the sludge digestion solution raw water tank (4); the sludge digestion solution AOB strengthening pool (5) is connected with an anaerobic ammoxidation region compartment of the biological reaction pool through a sludge-water mixture reflux pipe (5.8) and a sludge-water mixture reflux pump (5.11). It has the advantages of reasonability in structure design, convenience in operation, low running and maintenance cost, relatively low energy consumption, no need of an additional carbon source and the like, it can realize that short distance nitrification of municipal sewage is more stable, and it is high in low-temperature, water quantity and water quality shock resistance and can further increase volumetric load at the same time.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of sewage denitrification. Disclosed are a sewage treatment system and method of continuous flow step-feed short-cut denitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupled with denitrification. The system comprises a primary sedimentation tank, a bioreactor and a secondary sedimentation tank, which are connected in sequence, wherein the bioreactor comprises a pre-starvation zone, a first hypoxic zone, a first aerobic zone, a second hypoxic zone and a second aerobic zone: an agitator is arranged in each of the pre-starvation zone, the first hypoxic zone and the second hypoxic zone; an aeration device is arranged in both the first aerobic zone and the second aerobic zone; a polyurethane sponge filler is arranged in both the first hypoxic zone and the second hypoxic zone; and a nitrification liquid reflux pump is arranged between the first aerobic zone and the pre-starvation zone. By rationally utilizing a carbon source of raw sewage, the present invention develops a sewage denitrification system and a process control method which have the advantages of an efficient denitrification effect, a simple procedure flow, being convenient in terms of operation and maintenance, and being automated and intelligent.

A dynamic multi-objective particle swarm optimization based optimal control method is provided to realize the control of dissolved oxygen (S.sub.O) and the nitrate nitrogen (S.sub.NO) in wastewater treatment process. In this method, dynamic multi-objective particle swarm optimization was used to optimize the operation objectives of WWTP, and the optimal solutions of S.sub.O and S.sub.NO can be calculated. Then PID controller was introduced to trace the dynamic optimal solutions of S.sub.O and S.sub.NO. The results demonstrated that the proposed optimal control strategy can address the dynamic optimal control problem, and guarantee the efficient and stable operation. In addition, this proposed optimal control method in this present invention can guarantee the effluent qualities and reduce the energy consumption.

An efficient and low-cost process for gravity thickening and fermentation of waste activated sludge withdrawn from the surface of an activated sludge aeration basin for use with treatment systems designed for “enhanced biological phosphorus removal” (EBPR). One or more reactor tanks are used for the process with the steps of: A fill cycle, in which the waste mixed liquor flows into the tank, followed by a settle cycle, in which the mixed liquor is allowed to settle for a period of time, followed by a decant cycle, in which the clear liquid is withdrawn. The withdrawal of a volume of the settling mixed liquor for discharge is then followed by a ferment period for the remaining settled mixed liquor solids and a transfer of the fermented mixed liquor solids back to the activated sludge liquid stream process.

There is provided an inline saturator system and method for gas exchange with an aqueous-phase liquid. The system includes a pressure vessel, configured to receive a first liquid and a first gas from external sources and to discharge a second liquid and a second gas from the pressure vessel, and a gas infusion device situated within the pressure vessel. The gas infusion device is configured to receive the first liquid and first gas, to facilitate gas exchange therebetween, producing the second liquid and the second gas, and to discharge the second liquid and second gas into the pressure vessel. The system further includes a recirculation system configured to direct a portion of liquid within the pressure vessel back into the saturator device, where injection of the redirected liquid into the gas infusion device forces the first liquid into the gas infusion device for the gas exchange.

An apparatus for treating municipal sewage by anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic (AOA) [1] process via simultaneous endogenous partial [2] denitrification coupled with anammox in anoxic zone is disclosed. The apparatus mainly includes a raw water tank (1) for sewage, an AOA reactor (2) and a sedimentation tank (3), the sludge flows back from the bottom of the sedimentation tank (3) to the anoxic zone (2.4) and the anaerobic zone (2.2) respectively, and biofilm filler is added to the anoxic zone (2.4). The sewage enters the AOA reactor (2), and the intracellular carbon source is stored in the anaerobic zone (2.2) to remove the organic matter in the raw water. Then it enters the aerobic zone (2.3) for nitrification, and the generated nitrate-nitrogen enters the anoxic zone (2.4) for endogenous partial denitrification. The filler in the anoxic zone (2.4) uses the generated nitrite-nitrogen by endogenous partial denitrification and the remaining ammonia-nitrogen in the raw water to perform anammox reaction. The generated nitrate-nitrogen can be further removed by endogenous denitrification in the anoxic zone (2.4). Endogenous partial denitrification coupled with anammox is used for nitrogen removal in the anoxic zone (2.4), which can reduce the requirement of aeration in the aerobic zone (2.3) and the carbon sources in the anoxic zone (2.4), and suitable for low C/N ratio municipal sewage treatment. A method for treating municipal sewage by AOA process via endogenous partial denitrification coupled with anammox in anoxic zone is also provided.