The present invention provides a treatment method for fluorine- and aluminum-containing water, in which a chelating agent is added to fluorine- and aluminum-containing water in an amount of 100 times or more by weight of the aluminum concentration in the fluorine- and aluminum-containing water, and then water is passed through a reverse osmosis membrane device. The pH of the fluorine- and aluminum-containing water is preferably 4 to 6. The chelating agent is preferably EDTA. The F ion concentration in the water to be treated is preferably 50 to 700 mg/L, and the Al ion concentration therein is preferably 0.01 to 1 mg/L.

A wastewater treatment apparatus is equipped with: a reaction tank that performs aerobic biological treatment on organic wastewater containing at least one of a sulfur compound and a nitrogen compound; a filter for removing the corrosive gas from the gas discharged from water in the reaction tank; a sensor for measuring carbon dioxide concentration contained in the gas after the corrosive gas has been removed; and a control device for controlling the aerobic biological treatment based on the carbon dioxide concentration measured by the measurement means.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure are related to systems and methods related to the removal of PFAS molecules. In one aspect, systems comprising a membrane separator and a foam fractionation separator are generally described. In some embodiments, the membrane separator and the foam fractionation separator are fluidically connected such that some or all of a feed comprising PFAS molecules, a surfactant, and a liquid and/or a foam fractionation separator input comprising PFAS molecules and a liquid can be processed by the membrane separator and/or the foam fractionation separator. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the PFAS molecules are removed from the feed and/or the foam fractionation separator input. In some embodiments, the surfactant is present such that some or all of the PFAS molecules are associated with micelles, which may facilitate the removal of the PFAS molecules from the feed and/or the foam fractionation separator input. In some embodiments, the membrane separator rejects PFAS molecules (e.g., associated with micelles) to a greater extent than certain dissolved ions.

Provided is a method for enhancing self-enrichment of anammox bacteria by nitrate-dependent denitrifying bacteria symbiotic metabolism, belonging to the field of biological wastewater disposal. Excess sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant is inoculated into an enhanced anammox bacteria self-enrichment system (a closed SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor)). The method includes the following steps: taking sodium acetate as a carbon source, enriching nitrate-dependent denitrifying bacteria at first, and transforming nitrate into nitrite to provide a sufficient substrate for the growth of anammox bacteria; in turn, the enriched anammox bacteria provide nitrate for the nitrate-dependent denitrifying bacteria to grow.

An ultrapure water (UPW) production facility includes a polisher filled with an ion exchange resin, an inflow line, an inflow valve connected to the inflow line and upstream of the polisher, an outflow line, an outflow valve connected to the outflow line and downstream of the polisher, a first drain line connected to the polisher, a first drain valve connected to the first drain line and downstream of the polisher, a second drain line branched from the outflow line, a second drain valve connected to the second drain line, a discharge line branched from the second drain line, a discharge valve connected to the discharge line, wherein the inflow valve, the outflow valve, the first drain valve, the second drain valve, and the outflow valve are automatic valves.

A method, system, and computer readable storage medium for determining an optimal amount of coagulant to be added to water for coagulation treatment. The method includes predicting a water quality index that would be achieved for a corresponding nominal coagulant dose by evaluating at least one coagulation-related incoming water parameter of water that has not been treated with coagulant, with a first mathematical model constructed from historical data including (i) previously administered coagulant dosages; and (ii) previously determined values of the water quality index of the water. The method also includes determining whether the predicted water quality index is within a target range. If the predicted quality index is not within the target range, then the coagulant dosage can be adjusted, and the adjusted dosage can be evaluated to predict the water quality index that would be achieved if the adjusted coagulant dosage is administered to the water.

A method for reducing a toxicity of wastewater, including: selecting a working electrode based on a biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand (B/C) ratio of the wastewater; constructing a microbial electrochemical system using the graphite rod or the biochar/MoS.sub.2-modified graphite rod as the working electrode; adding a culture solution including the wastewater, sediment, a phosphate buffer solution, and a carbon source to the microbial electrochemical system, cultivating and enriching an electroactive biofilm on the surface of the working electrode in the microbial electrochemical system using chronoamperometry, and periodically refreshing the culture solution until the electroactive biofilm reaches a stable and mature state; and after formation of the electroactive biofilm, introducing the wastewater into the microbial electrochemical system with a matured electroactive biofilm, applying an external voltage to the working electrode, and operating the microbial electrochemical system under intermittent polarization switching between open-circuit and closed-circuit modes.

A water treatment system including: a water treatment facility equipped with a plurality of water treatment devices to treat treated water, a water treatment management device to which is supplied treated water that flows to any of the water treatment devices, and a controller that controls operating conditions of the water treatment devices. The water treatment management device includes a TOC measurement unit that measures the TOC concentration of the water flowing through the water line of the water treatment management device and a specific organics measurement unit that measures the specific organics concentration in the water flows through the water line of the water treatment management device. The controller controls operating conditions of the water treatment devices based on the TOC concentration measured by the TOC measurement unit and the specific organics concentration measured by the specific organics measurement unit.

The present invention relates to a process for refinery wastewater treatment. More particularly, the present invention relates to an automated process for treatment of refinery wastewater. The process of the present invention provides complete automation for controlling different critical parameters that enhance biological activity of activated sludge process (ASP) and helps in significant reduction in sludge recycling that increases the treatment efficiency.

Methods and systems are provided for treating water to remove urea from the water by controlling the pH of the water to be in a range of from 3.5 to 5, adding an oxidant to the water, and then subjecting the water to UV radiation to decompose the urea.