Systems and methods for electrolytic spa sanitation are provided which control electrodes in a manner that extends the use of electrodes, reducing the frequency of replacement of electrodes. The system also incorporates electrodes that can be easily replaced by a user, further reducing the need to maintenance by trained service personnel. Systems and methods use measurements from ORP, pH, and temperature sensors to determine the amount of sanitizer necessary to be produced from the electrodes. The electrodes are capable or acting as either an anode or a cathode.

A water network monitor, monitoring system and method comprising: at least one sensor operable to sense one or more parameters of a water network; and an analyser to analyse data points recorded over time from the water network by the at least one sensor, the analyser having an input comprising the data points recorded over time from the water network and an output comprising an event probability P(event) that an event has occurred which affects the water network from which the data points were recorded, the analyser comprising: an outlier detector to determine a measure of abnormality (D) from an outlier detection algorithm for each of the data points; and an outlier decay discriminator (ODD) to calculate an outlier probability (Po) for each of the data points based on each data points measure of abnormality (D), wherein the outlier probability is decayed over time, the output of the ODD comprising an event probability P(event), wherein P(event) is based on the decayed outlier probability.

Systems and methods for controlling a chloramine synthesis reaction. The system includes at least one water pump configured to deliver a first water stream to a first junction where the first water stream is mixed with a first solution including an ammonium compound, and a second water stream to a second junction where the second water stream is mixed with a second solution including hypochlorite, a reaction chamber downstream of the first and second junctions which is configured to mix the first and second water streams in order to react the ammonium compound and the hypochlorite to form chloramine, an optical measurement device disposed upstream of the second junction, the optical measurement device configured to measure an absorbance of the hypochlorite in the second solution, and at least one controller programmed to determine a concentration of the hypochlorite in the second solution based on the measured absorbance.

A water treatment system is disclosed having electrolytic cell for liberating hydrogen from a base solution. The base solution may be a solution of brine for generating sodium hypochlorite, or potable water to be oxidized. The cell has first and second opposing electrode end plates held apart from each other by a pair of supports such that the supports enclose opposing sides of the end plates to form a cell chamber. One or more inner electrode plates are spaced apart from each other in the cell chamber in between the first and second electrode plates. The supports are configured to electrically isolate the first and second electrode plates and the inner electrode plates from each other. The first and second electrode plates are configured to receive opposite polarity charges that passively charge the inner electrode plates via conduction from the base solution to form a chemical reaction in the base solution as the base solution passes through the cell chamber.

A method of automatically controlling chloramine concentration in a body of water contained in a reservoir includes: (a) determining residual chloramine concentration in a water sample; (b) automatically engaging a supply of chlorine to add chlorine when (i) the residual chloramine concentration in the water sample is determined to be below a predetermined residual chloramine concentration set-point or (ii) below a chloramine concentration percentage of a predetermined residual chloramine concentration set-point; (c) determining residual chloramine concentration in one or more additional water samples after step (b); (d) determining the rate of change in chloramine concentration; and (e) if the rate of change in chloramine concentration is below a set rate of change in chloramine concentration (i) automatically engaging a supply of ammonia and the supply of chlorine to add both ammonia and chlorine to the body of water, or (ii) stopping the supply of chlorine after step (d).

An electrochlorination system comprising an electrochemical cell including a housing having an inlet, an outlet, and an anode-cathode pair disposed within the housing, a source of a chloride-containing aqueous solution having an outlet fluidly connectable to the inlet of the electrochemical cell, and a source of an oxidizing agent fluidly connectable to the source of chloride-containing aqueous solution upstream of the electrochemical cell.

A method of chlorinating drinking water on a ship with a production and distribution system includes a recirculation distribution network and device for injecting a chlorine compound generating free chlorine into the network in an injection point. A regimen set point is set for free chlorine concentration at the injection point between 0.4 and 1.2 mg/l. Free chlorine concentration is monitored proximate the injection point by a first probe. Free chlorine concentration at a point furthest from the injection point is monitored by a second probe. The chlorine compound is injected into the distribution network to maintain the free chlorine concentration at the regimen set point. Regimen chlorination is performed if the second probe does not detect free chlorine concentration variations from the regimen set or detects variations in concentration relative to the regimen set point lower than a safety limit and/or duration lower than a safety time limit.

The invention relates to a simplified modular reactor, where the method of purifying swimming pool waters can be carried out in an integral manner, where said method may comprise simultaneously applying the techniques of: oxidation-disinfection, ultraviolet radiation, and pH adjustment on the water to be treated.

A method of automatically controlling chloramine concentration in a body of water contained in a reservoir includes: (a) determining residual chloramine concentration in a first water sample obtained from the body of water; (b) automatically engaging a supply of chlorine to add chlorine to the body of water when the residual chloramine concentration in the first water sample is determined to be below a residual chloramine concentration set-point or a first chloramine concentration percentage; (c) determining residual chloramine concentration in a second water sample obtained from the body of water after step (b); and (d) automatically engaging a supply of ammonia and the supply of chlorine to add both ammonia and chlorine to the body of water if the residual chloramine concentration in the second water sample is determined to be below the residual chloramine concentration in the first water sample or a second chloramine concentration percentage.

This invention relates to a method for monitoring and controlling the relative concentration of bromide ion used in the cyclic process for enhanced sanitation and oxidation of aqueous systems at aquatic facilities.