The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to methods of marker based direct integrity testing of at least one membrane comprising: (a) dosing a feed fluid of a loop with at least one marker comprising at least one challenge particle, the loop comprising: the feed fluid; a pump comprising an outlet stream; a membrane module comprising the at least one membrane and a membrane module outlet stream, wherein the membrane module is in fluid communication with the outlet stream; a marker recycle stream in fluid communication with the membrane module outlet stream and the pump; and a means to measure particle concentrations; (b) circulating the feed fluid through the membrane module at least once to produce a filtrate comprising a filtered at least one marker; (c) measuring a filtrate particle concentration of the filtered at least one filtered marker in the filtrate to produce a filtrate concentration measurement; and (d) calculating a log removal value from the filtrate concentration measurement and the feed concentration measurement; wherein the log removal value is less than about 3 m.

A decision support system and method can be used to control a water treatment or distribution system. The decision support system collects data from multiple water system operators and analyses the data for a selected water system according to one or more rules or algorithms. The system returns data, optionally including alerts or predictions, to the system operator. Optionally, the decision support system uses machine learning applied to (i) historical data from a selected water system and/or (ii) data from other water systems to modify the rules or algorithms used to analyze current data from a selected water system. In some embodiments, the data collected includes microbial population data such as ATP data, optionally including derivatives of microbial population data; microbial speciation information; or, metagenomic data.

A water network monitor, monitoring system and method comprising: at least one sensor operable to sense one or more parameters of a water network; and an analyser to analyse data points recorded over time from the water network by the at least one sensor, the analyser having an input comprising the data points recorded over time from the water network and an output comprising an event probability P(event) that an event has occurred which affects the water network from which the data points were recorded, the analyser comprising: an outlier detector to determine a measure of abnormality (D) from an outlier detection algorithm for each of the data points; and an outlier decay discriminator (ODD) to calculate an outlier probability (Po) for each of the data points based on each data points measure of abnormality (D), wherein the outlier probability is decayed over time, the output of the ODD comprising an event probability P(event), wherein P(event) is based on the decayed outlier probability.

A method for mitigating microbe buildup within a potable water supply system including:

cleaning of the water supply system; acquiring data including at least water conditions at multiple points within the potable water supply system; a control system adjusting local water conditions within the potable water supply system; a bacteria monitor assessing water within the potable water system to determine at least levels of bacteria within the potable water system; and applying an antimicrobial condition to water within the potable water system.

A solution for treating a fluid, such as water, is provided. An ultraviolet transparency of a fluid can be determined before or as the fluid enters a disinfection chamber. In the disinfection chamber, the fluid can be irradiated by ultraviolet radiation to harm microorganisms that may be present in the fluid. One or more attributes of the disinfection chamber, fluid flow, and/or ultraviolet radiation can be adjusted based on the transparency to provide more efficient irradiation and/or higher disinfection rates. In addition, various attributes of the disinfection chamber, such as the position of the inlet(s) and outlet(s), the shape of the disinfection chamber, and other attributes of the disinfection chamber can be utilized to create a turbulent flow of the fluid within the disinfection chamber to promote mixing and improve uniform ultraviolet exposure.

The present disclosure generally relates to a system for monitoring and/or controlling the delivery of one or more organic carbon compounds to a wastewater treatment system. The system comprises a bio-electrochemical sensor to monitor metabolic activity of a population of exo-electrogenic bacteria and provide an electrical output corresponding with the metabolic activity, the bio-electrochemical sensor comprising an electrode pair and a power source to deliver a voltage across the electrode pair, and an electrical output analyzer to analyze the electrical output and correlate the electrical output with a value representing the amount of the one or more organic carbon compounds in the wastewater treatment system. A method and sensor for monitoring and/or controlling the delivery of one or more organic carbon compounds to a wastewater treatment system are also provided.

The efficiency of water disinfection can be significantly increased by supplying the ozone in combination with oxygen to an inlet of a cavitation pump or a line atomizer. A compressor can be introduced at an inlet of the cavitation pump or the line atomizer, compressing the gas mixture at a pressure higher than the pressure within pump or the atomizer. The compressed gases are provided to the inlet of the atomizer or the pump, where the compressed gases mix with the water and enter the cavitation pump or the line atomizer (where most of the dissolution of the gases happens). The compressor allows to increase the amount of oxygen and ozone provided to the pump or the line atomizer, increasing their dissolved concentration. In addition to the disinfecting properties, the higher level of oxygen correlates to an improved taste of the water.

A system for reducing total dissolved solids in wastewater can include a vertical reactor that can include a flexible sheet material, where the flexible sheet material can be configured to facilitate the growth and attachment of an algal biofilm. The vertical reactor can include a shaft, where the shaft can be associated with and can support the flexible sheet material, and a drive motor, where the drive motor can be coupled with the shaft such that the flexible sheet material can be selectively actuated. The system can include a fluid reservoir containing a portion of wastewater through which the flexible sheet material is configured to pass as well as a stressor operably configured to stimulate the algae to produce an extracellular polymeric substance. A method of reducing total dissolved solids in wastewater includes moving an algal biofilm through the wastewater and moving the algal biofilm through a gas.

A method for controlling mercury emissions within a FGD system, the method includes preparing a treatment composition for application on FGD system components, the treatment composition comprising a biocide, applying the treatment composition to an FGD system, wherein the FGD system includes an FGD scrubber, monitoring the bacterial load present within the FGD system, and optimizing the operating conditions of an aqueous system to determine when additional treatment is required.

Ultraviolet irradiation of an aquatic environment for the purposes of sterilization, disinfection, and/or cleaning fluids and surfaces associated with the aquatic environment. The aquatic environment can be irradiated using an ultraviolet illuminator having at least one ultraviolet radiation source and at least one sensor to detect conditions of the aquatic environment including fluid conditions and/or surface conditions associated with the aquatic environment. A control unit, operatively coupled to the at least one ultraviolet radiation source and the at least one sensor, determines a presence of algae growth about the aquatic environment. The control unit is further configured to direct the at least one ultraviolet radiation source to irradiate the aquatic environment at locations where there is a presence of algae growth for removal and suppression of further growth, monitor the irradiation with the at least one sensor, and adjust irradiation parameters as a function of detected conditions.