The present invention provides a method of preparing a graphene-wrapped cobalt Prussian blue nano-crystalline composite material, and a method of preparing a working electrode using the same and an application thereof. The preparation method of the composite material includes: dispersing a ligand solution containing cobalt and a graphene oxide solution in an aqueous solution fully by stirring and ultrasonication, next, adding a cobalt metal salt solution and fully stirring, and then calcining the mixture in an inert atmosphere after centrifugation and lyophilization to obtain the above composite material. The preparation method of the present invention is simple in operation, low in energy consumption and low in material costs and the like. The composite material is obtained by uniformly and closely wrapping cobalt Prussian blue nano-crystals in graphene with excellent conductivity, thereby significantly improving electron transfer efficiency and active site utilization rate of the composite material.

A wastewater treatment apparatus includes a treatment mechanism that treats a wastewater containing an organic chromaticity component with an enzyme produced by Bacillus proteolyticus.

The invention relates to the detection, assessment and mitigation of harmful water-borne bacteria such as cyanobacteria. Multiple apparatus embodiments and variations are described. One apparatus can apply at least one of UV-C irradiation, microbubbles containing ozone and ultrasonic sound to mitigate the harmful water-borne bacteria. The systems and methods of the invention can be applied to bodies of water, including fresh water and salt water, and can be applied to wastewater treatment. The systems and methods of the invention can be used to reduce the concentration of algae directly and can be used to reduce the concentration of nutrients in water that algae use to grow. Methods of mitigation of the harmful bacteria are described that do not involve the introduction of chemicals into the environment.

Apparatus for controlling bio-organisms in bodies of water. The algae control system includes a power unit and a transducer unit that radiates in multiple directions. The transducer unit includes a variable power driver and a transducer subassembly. The power from the driver varies to maintain a maximum, constant transducer sonic output over its bandwidth. The transducer assembly includes at least one transducer that includes a pair of blocks with at least one piezoelectric element therebetween. One embodiment has a single, disc-shaped element adhesively secured between said blocks. The transducer is excited by applying power to the pair of blocks. Another embodiment has at least one ring-shaped elements compressed between the two blocks by way of a fastener. The transducer is excited by applying power, in one embodiment, between the blocks and a conductor between a pair of ring-shaped elements, or in another embodiment, between the pair of blocks.

A filtration system can comprise a pressure pump configured to apply a pressure on fluid flowing between a first chamber and a second chamber. The filtration system can also comprise a flow sensor configured to determine at least one parameter associated with fluid flowing across a membrane deposited between the first chamber and a second chamber. The filtration system can comprise a pressure sensor configured to determine pressure readings of the fluid flowing from the first chamber to the second chamber. The filtration system can comprise a filtration management system configured to cause the pressure pump to apply a constant pressure on fluid flowing across the membrane for a first predetermined time based on the pressure reading. The filtration management system can be configured to cause the pressure pump to reverse the fluid flow across the membrane.

The invention relates to the detection, assessment and mitigation of harmful water-borne bacteria such as cyanobacteria. Multiple apparatus embodiments and variations are described. One apparatus can apply at least one of UV-C irradiation, microbubbles containing ozone and ultrasonic sound to mitigate the harmful water-borne bacteria. The systems and methods of the invention can be applied to bodies of water, including fresh water and salt water, and can be applied to wastewater treatment. The systems and methods of the invention can be used to reduce the concentration of algae directly and can be used to reduce the concentration of nutrients in water that algae use to grow. Methods of mitigation of the harmful bacteria are described that do not involve the introduction of chemicals into the environment.

An open-cell foam structure that is used to detect and remove substances from water or air.

A system for marine growth prevention including a water transport line, configured to transport water through the system, an online multi-sensor module being connected to the water transport line in an online manner and being configured to automatically analyze the water being transported through the water transport line, thereby obtaining one or more of water parameters indicative of properties of organisms in the water, a hybrid treatment module configured to treat the water by executing multiple treatment modes, and a control system configured to regulate the hybrid treatment module according to the one or more water parameters received from the online multi-sensor module.

The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to methods of marker based direct integrity testing of at least one membrane comprising: (a) dosing a feed fluid of a loop with at least one marker comprising at least one challenge particle, the loop comprising: the feed fluid; a pump comprising an outlet stream; a membrane module comprising the at least one membrane and a membrane module outlet stream, wherein the membrane module is in fluid communication with the outlet stream; a marker recycle stream in fluid communication with the membrane module outlet stream and the pump; and a means to measure particle concentrations; (b) circulating the feed fluid through the membrane module at least once to produce a filtrate comprising a filtered at least one marker; (c) measuring a filtrate particle concentration of the filtered at least one filtered marker in the filtrate to produce a filtrate concentration measurement; and (d) calculating a log removal value from the filtrate concentration measurement and the feed concentration measurement; wherein the log removal value is less than about 3 μm.

A solution for irradiating a flowing fluid through a channel with ultraviolet radiation is provided. Ultraviolet radiation sources can be located within the channel in order to direct ultraviolet radiation towards the flowing fluid and/or the interior of the channel. A valve can be located adjacent to the channel to control the flow rate of the fluid. A control system can control and adjust the ultraviolet radiation based on the flow rate of the fluid and a user input component can receive a user input for the control system to adjust the ultraviolet radiation. The ultraviolet radiation sources, the control system, the user input component, and any other components that require electricity can receive power from a rechargeable power supply. An electrical generator located within the channel can convert energy from the fluid flowing through the channel into electricity for charging the rechargeable power supply.