A process for monitoring the concentration of bacteria in the water of a water distribution network, wherein the process includes the following steps: measuring the concentration of bacteria in the water by means of a first sensor positioned at a first location in the water distribution network, determining a variable instantaneous value of the expected concentration of bacteria in the water at the first location as a function of a parameter characteristic of the water, comparing the concentration of bacteria in the water measured by the first sensor to the variable instantaneous value, corrective action acting on the concentration of bacteria in the water if the concentration of bacteria in the water measured by the first sensor exeeds the variable instantaneous value. A device for monitoring the concentration of bacteria in the water of a water distribution network is also provided.

In some embodiments, a method may include treating pulp in pulp and paper mills. The methods may include providing a peracetate oxidant solution and generating a reactive oxygen species. The peracetate solution may include peracetate anions and a peracid. In some embodiments, the peracetate solution may include a pH from about pH 10 to about pH 12. In some embodiments, the peracetate solution has a molar ratio of peracetate anions to peracid ranging from about 60:1 to about 6000:1. In some embodiments, the peracetate solution has a molar ratio of peracetate to hydrogen peroxide of greater than about 16:1. The peracetate oxidant solution may provide enhanced treatment methods of bleaching, brightening, and delignifying pulp fibers involving the use of peracetate oxidant solutions.

A charging device 10 of a circulating-water utilization system 1 to be constructed in a specific area includes: a wastewater amount measuring unit 18a configured to individually measure an amount of wastewater discharged from each of water consuming members; a water-quality measuring unit 18b configured to individually measure a water-quality index related to a water quality of the wastewater discharged from each of the water consuming members; and a circulating-water fee calculating part 10A configured to calculate a circulating-water fee of each of the water consuming members on the basis of the amount and the water quality of the wastewater discharged from each of the water consuming members.

The present disclosure pertains to a system configured to prepare and use prediction models for controlling contaminants of a liquid. Some embodiments may: sense, via a sensor, a magnified image of a sample of the liquid; identify at least one shape in the image; determine a relative predominance of microscopic life forms within at least a portion of the image; and generate a report indicating any required corrective action based on the identification and the determination.

The present disclosure generally relates to a system for monitoring and/or controlling the delivery of one or more organic carbon compounds to a wastewater treatment system. The system comprises a bio-electrochemical sensor to monitor metabolic activity of a population of exo-electrogenic bacteria and provide an electrical output corresponding with the metabolic activity, the bio-electrochemical sensor comprising an electrode pair and a power source to deliver a voltage across the electrode pair, and an electrical output analyzer to analyze the electrical output and correlate the electrical output with a value representing the amount of the one or more organic carbon compounds in the wastewater treatment system. A method and sensor for monitoring and/or controlling the delivery of one or more organic carbon compounds to a wastewater treatment system are also provided.

A method for eliminating harmful algal blooms through optimized utilization of a modified clay method includes building a real-time state index and a standardized value grading system for eliminating a site harmful algal bloom or a harmful algal bloom in accordance with the features of monitored harmful algal bloom organisms and modified clay flocculates; acquiring corresponding grade codes of feature index values of the harmful algal bloom in a to-be-treated water body or harmful algal bloom elimination effect through the real-time site state index and the standardized value grading system; comparing the above grade codes with an expert system to obtain an operation solution for eliminating harmful algal blooms through optimized utilization of the modified clay method. The result is tracked and monitored in real time and the operation solution is optimized and adjusted in time according to the harmful algal bloom elimination effect.

Described herein includes sample liquid purification apparatus, systems, and techniques of use. The purification apparatus generally can operate to reduce a temperature of a precursor liquid within a beverage machine or appliance. For example, a thermally conductive body can define a heat sink having a tortuous path for propagation of the precursor therethough, facilitating temperature reduction. The purification apparatus can further generally operate to sanitize or otherwise reduce a level of contaminants in the precursor liquid. For example, an energy source, such as a light emitting diode, can be arranged or integrated with the thermally conductive body to emit ultraviolet radiation toward the precursor liquid within the thermally conductive body.

The efficiency of water disinfection can be significantly increased by supplying the ozone in combination with oxygen to an inlet of a cavitation pump or a line atomizer. A compressor can be introduced at an inlet of the cavitation pump or the line atomizer, compressing the gas mixture at a pressure higher than the pressure within pump or the atomizer. The compressed gases are provided to the inlet of the atomizer or the pump, where the compressed gases mix with the water and enter the cavitation pump or the line atomizer (where most of the dissolution of the gases happens). The compressor allows to increase the amount of oxygen and ozone provided to the pump or the line atomizer, increasing their dissolved concentration. In addition to the disinfecting properties, the higher level of oxygen correlates to an improved taste of the water.

A device, system, and processor-readable medium for untreated grey water treatment and reuse are disclosed. Untreated grey water entering a building's plumbing system is tested for recyclability before it routes for treatment and reuse or disposal through a building's sewer line. Certain sensors decide how to route the untreated grey water through treatment in the device. Treatments to untreated grey water could include multi-level filtration and heating/cooling cycles for a prescribed time period to produce treated grey water meeting EPA-approved standards. Once treated, the treated grey water is routed to treated grey water tanks where it is stored for later use in a building's toilets and landscaping.

A system and method of treating wastewater. In one embodiment, the system comprises a biological reactor fluidly connected to a source of wastewater and having a treated wastewater outlet, a fixed film biological reactor connected to the source of wastewater and having a fixed film effluent outlet, and a ballasted system fluidly connected to the fixed film effluent outlet. The ballasted system may comprise a ballast reactor tank configured to provide a ballasted effluent, and a source of ballast material fluidly connected to an inlet of the ballast reactor tank. The system may further comprise a bypass line having an inlet fluidly connected to the source of wastewater, a first outlet fluidly connected to the ballasted system, and a second outlet fluidly connected to the fixed film biological reactor, the bypass line configured to bypass the fixed film biological reactor.