An integrated boron removal and flocculation process for treating fracturing wastewater is disclosed. The process comprises: adjusting the pH of the fracturing flowback liquid to be treated to become alkaline and adding thereto an oxidant to carry out a reaction for a certain time period, so that the state of the boron present in the liquid is changed; and then adding a barium salt to the resulting reaction mixture to carry out a further reaction between the barium salt and the boron in the changed state to produce a precipitate. The stability of the flowback liquid is deteriorated by the addition of the oxidant. Suspended solids in the flowback liquid can be removed through adsorption, wrapping, and then settling by the action of the precipitate (a barium salt). The process integrates boron removal and flocculation and enables a boron removal rate of 80% or greater. The contents of the suspended solids and oil present in the fracturing flowback liquid after filtration each can be lowered to less than 5.0 mg/L.

An apparatus that can be connected to a conventional sprayer bottle that permits the sprayer bottle to generate ozonated and ionized water to be used as a cleaning fluid. The apparatus includes an ozonator element submerged in the bottle water via a first electrical conductor and an ionizer lead submerged in the water via a second electrical conductor which is connected to an ionizer that is not submerged. Respective apertures are formed in the sidewall of the bottle, each having respective electrical connectors to permit the respective electrical connections to different power sources. The dip tube of the spray head is then passed through the top opening and into the water in the bottle and the spray head is secured onto the bottle. Electrical energy is provided through the respective conductors to ozonate and ionize the water in the bottle for use a cleaning agent. Humidifier or vaporizer versions of this invention provide an ozonated and ionized water mist or vapor.

The present disclosure is directed to filtering technologies that combine elements of continuous and batch NF/RO based on the constraints of the end-user facility to achieve a target balance between, for instance, recovery and power consumption, and to reduce long term operating cost of a plant. A method for extending batch operation into a second induction period with antiscalant injection is also disclosed herein, with the second induction period allowing for yet higher water recovery.

A washing water supply arrangement (50) comprises an ultra-pure water production unit (54), a supply pipe (52), an operation control (53) and an ultra-pure water impellent arrangement (55). A first end of the supply pipe (52) is connected to an output from the ultra-pure water production unit (54). A second end of the supply pipe is adapted for being connected to a semiconductor washing apparatus. The operation control (53) is configured for controlling the ultra-pure water production unit (54) to produce a pre-determined amount of ultra-pure water upon demand. The ultra-pure water impellent arrangement (55) has access to a source of an inert gas and is configured for rinsing the supply pipe (52) from water with the inert gas after delivery of the pre-determined amount of ultra-pure water. A semiconductor washing system, a semiconductor production system and a method for supplying washing water are also disclosed.

According to one embodiment, a method for removing antimicrobial material from a composition includes providing a container that contains a plurality of carbon elements such as granules, rocks and sheets. The carbon elements are submerged with a liquid and a composition that includes an antimicrobial material is deposited in the container. The carbon elements are configured to remove the antimicrobial material from the composition. The level of the liquid in the container is monitored and controlled to maintain a submerged condition of the carbon elements.

The present disclosure relates to a water purifier that ejects hot water and purified water, and the water purifier includes a housing forming a storage space, a filter provided inside the housing to purify water supplied from an external water supply source, a water ejection nozzle provided on the outside of the housing and configured to eject the water passing through the filter, a hot water module forming a heating flow path through which the purified water passing through the filter passes and configured to instantaneously heat the purified water passing through the heating flow path into hot water when hot water is ejected, a hot water flow path configured to guide the hot water passing through the hot water module toward the water ejection nozzle; and a controller configured to control the operation of the hot water module, in which, when purified water is ejected, the controller turns off the hot water module, and the purified water discharged from the hot water module is ejected to the water ejection nozzle through the hot water flow path.

Disclosed is an apparatus for controlling water softeners includes a first water softener that softens and recycles source water, a second water softener that softens and recycles mutually complementarily with the first water softener, and a controller that controls water softening and recycling of the first water softener and the second water softener, based on water softening capabilities of the first water softener and the second water softener.

A method of providing a dispense purified water stream from a water purification apparatus involving passing a water inlet stream through a first water purification station to provide a first internal purified water stream, passing the first internal purified water stream to an internal reservoir, and providing a second internal purified water stream from the reservoir, passing the second internal purified water stream into a recirculation loop, measuring the conductivity of the second internal purified water stream; passing the second internal purified water stream to a second water purification station to provide a third internal purified water stream passing the recirculated water return stream into the internal reservoir; calculating the purity of the first internal purified water stream using the measurement of the conductivity of the second internal purified water stream.

A method for treating wastewater or sludge comprises the steps of adding the wastewater or sludge to a reactor and mixing the wastewater or sludge with a stream to thereby decrease a ratio of alkalinity to ammonium in the reactor, the reactor containing ammonium oxidising bacteria that oxidise ammonium to produce nitrite and decrease pH.

A control system for a water treatment apparatus that includes a control valve assembly having a servo chamber in which a stationary port defining signal ports is located. A regeneration control disc sealingly engages and rotates on a planar surface of the port disc and selectively communicates fluid signals to water pressure operated components within the control valve. An electric motor located in a dry chamber is operatively coupled to the regeneration control disc and rotates the disc during a regeneration cycle. An encoder coupled to the control disc monitors its position and movement. A turbine assembly monitors water treated or to be treated and is electronically coupled to a regeneration controller. A sensor emits pulses related to rotation of the usage turbine and communicates these pulses to the controller which uses this information to determine when a regeneration is needed whereupon the drive motor is appropriately energized.