Systems and methods to enhance the removal of inorganic contaminants, including metals, from hydrocarbon feedstocks at a refinery. One or more embodiments of such systems and methods may be used to provide a renewable hydrocarbon feedstock having a reduced amount of metal contaminants. The reduction of metal contaminants in the renewable hydrocarbon feedstock mitigates catalyst fouling and/or deactivation during downstream refinery processing of the renewable hydrocarbon feedstock.

The present invention discloses a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and method for shrimp culture through SBR wastewater treatment. The RAS includes a control cabinet, culture tanks, a clean water tank, a clean water filling pipeline, a drainage pipeline, a buried activated sludge tank and a solid-liquid separation mechanism. The solid-liquid separation mechanism comprises a sludge pump, an input pipe, a plate and frame type filter press and a liquid output pipe. An input end of the sludge pump is immersed in sewage of the buried activated sludge tank; and a clean water output end of the plate and frame type filter press is connected with the buried activated sludge tank through the liquid output pipe.

An aspect of the present disclosure is directed to methods and systems for filtration of water that may, or may not, include scaling/fouling compounds within feed water. Instead, systems and methods consistent with the present disclosure can operate using a membrane system/configuration that includes an input feed stream, output permeate stream, and a bleed stream with an ever-increasing concentration of retained contaminants in the bleed stream.

Water treatment method for simultaneous abatement of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, implemented in a sequencing batch moving bed biofilm reactor (SBMBBR) comprising carriers suitable for the development of a biofilm. The method comprises sequences of successive treatments, each treatment sequence comprising: an initial phase of anaerobic treatment, said initial phase of anaerobic treatment being followed by at least one aerobic/anoxic cycle consisting of: —an aerobic treatment phase so as to obtain an ammonium ion concentration that does not pass below a threshold concentration of ammonium ions; and a phase in which the biofilm is placed, at least locally, under anoxic conditions, this phase being concomitant with or posterior to said aerobic treatment phase; the threshold concentration of ammonium ions being calculated to allow the development of Anammox microorganisms during the phase in which the biofilm is placed, at least locally, under anoxic conditions.

A method of operating a sequencing batch reactor process includes introducing wastewater to be treated into the sequencing batch reactor and subjecting the wastewater to treatment in the sequencing batch reactor in an aerated anoxic mode in in which a quantity of oxygen is supplied at a level insufficient to meet a biological oxygen demand of the wastewater, but sufficient to cause simultaneous nitrification and denitrification reactions to occur in the wastewater.

Systems and methods to separate water and remove solids from a pre-treated and unfiltered renewable feedstock at or separate from a refinery. Such systems and methods may be used to provide a reduced-contaminant and reduced-solid renewable feedstock for further refining.

The present invention relates to a device for monitoring a softening device for water, wherein the softening device has a tank for sole for the regeneration of at least one ion exchange element of the softening device, and wherein the device has a scale and is configured to detect the weight of the tank and preferably to determine time changes in the weight of the tank. Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of monitoring a softening device for water.

A system and method for treating a fluid that includes a particulate fraction and a soluble fraction includes feeding the fluid to a hydrothermal treatment apparatus and subjecting the fluid to heating to a temperature of 121° C. or more to obtain treated fluid, subsequently feeding the hydrothermally treated fluid to a vacuum-integrated reactor, wherein at least the particulate fraction is subjected to fermentation or digestion, during the fermentation or digestion, subjecting the fluid in the vacuum-integrated reactor to a vacuum pressure, and collecting from the vacuum-integrated reactor at least a portion of the soluble fraction of the fluid as condensate and thereby thickening a remaining portion of the fluid, and recovering thickened fluid from the vacuum-integrated reactor. The vacuum may also be applied upstream or downstream of and separate from a non-vacuum-integrated reactor.

The present disclosure relates to an integrated wastewater treatment apparatus and method, the apparatus comprises a first reactor module, a second reactor module, a sedimentation module and a gas-liquid separation module, the first reactor module comprises a first reactor and an anoxic reaction zone, an aerobic reaction zone, a first gas-gathering pressurized layer, a first water inlet pipe and an aeration device; the second reactor module comprises a second reactor, a second water inlet pipe, an anaerobic reaction zone and a second gas-gathering pressurized layer; the sedimentation module comprises a third reactor and a water outlet pipe; the gas-liquid separation module comprises a gas-liquid separator, an exhaust pipe, a first riser pipe, a second riser pipe and a return pipe. The apparatus can give full play to the advantages of the autotrophic biological denitrification process, meet the biochemical treatment requirements of wastewater with low C/N ratio.

The present invention relates to a method for increasing the magnesium ion concentration of feed water. The method comprises the steps of providing an inlet flow of feed water Q.sub.IN and passing said flow Q.sub.IN through a solid bed comprising a magnesium ion source to obtain an outlet flow of treated water Q.sub.OUT having an increased concentration of magnesium ions. The invention further relates to a water treatment system for increasing the magnesium ion concentration of feed water and a corresponding flow reactor.