Systems and methods to enhance the removal of inorganic contaminants, including metals, from hydrocarbon feedstocks at a refinery. One or more embodiments of such systems and methods may be used to provide a renewable hydrocarbon feedstock having a reduced amount of metal contaminants. The reduction of metal contaminants in the renewable hydrocarbon feedstock mitigates catalyst fouling and/or deactivation during downstream refinery processing of the renewable hydrocarbon feedstock.

Described herein are attached growth reactor systems which increase nitrifying bacteria biomass through a variety of means during warm weather. As a consequence, the attached growth reactor system contains sufficient nitrifying bacteria biomass to remove ammonia from wastewater in cold to moderate climates. In one example, there are two attached growth reactors into which wastewater is distributed discontinuously. Specifically, wastewater is transferred to the first attached growth reactor for a first period of time and then is transferred to the second attached growth reactor for a second period of time during warm weather which effectively doubles the nitrifying bacteria biomass in the system. During cold weather, approximately half of the wastewater is applied to each reactor simultaneously.

The operation of the arrangement (device) for conversion of contaminated (loaded) water with harmful substances and elements into certified ecological, healthy water, with natural cleaning without filters, is based on the production of water vapor by heating water in a stainless steel chamber and channeling (water vapor drain) of water vapor with air flow to the liquefaction system This model works without filters, membranes or chemicals and additionally is not including other harmful substances and elements that burden, pollute, infect and contaminate the environment. Ecologically it transforms the unsuitable for health water into the excellent quality healthy drinking water. Nitrates, which are converted to nitrites (NO2) when boiled in water, can be converted into one of the most potent carcinogenic compounds, nitrosamines. The arrangement (device) includes a container (Cx), with two electrodes, that communicates with the boiling chamber, to control the limits of the boiling water level, to eliminate parasitic electromagnetic fluctuations and to avoid oxidation of the two electrodes.

There are provided a sludge treatment device 100 and a sludge treatment system 400 comprising: a primary tank 110 into which a liquid flows from a machine tool 300 side; a secondary tank 120 from which a liquid inside flows out to the machine tool 300 side; a first flow path 130 that supplies the liquid in the primary tank 110 to the secondary tank 120; a filter 134 disposed on the first flow path 130; a second flow path 140 different from the first flow path 130 connecting the primary tank 110 and the secondary tank 120; and a liquid inflow amount adjustment means 142 configured to adjust an inflow amount of liquid flowing from the secondary tank 120 into the primary tank 110 through the second flow path 140, wherein a second flow path liquid supply path 150 is provided to cause the liquid in the primary tank 110 to flow from the secondary tank 120 side toward the primary tank 110 side from a middle of the second flow path 140.

The present invention describes a water distribution system 1 comprising a water supply, a heating source 100, at least one temperature sensor, a flow path for water with a user outflow UO, and a control unit for operation of the water distribution system 1 said temperature sensor being connected to the control unit, wherein the control unit also is connected to at least one presence sensor PS arranged for the detection of presence of a human or animal body in physical proximity to the user outflow UO and/or in an outflow direction area from the user outflow UO and wherein the control unit is arranged to drive a hot water pasteurization procedure of at least a portion of the flow path and out from the user outflow UO based on a response or an indication of no presence of a human or animal body in physical proximity to the user outflow UO and/or in an outflow direction area from the user outflow UO.

A method for enhancing anaerobic digestion based on solid-liquid interface renewal in sludge is disclosed. The method includes subjecting sludge to a centrifugation, a thermal baking and a redissolution in softened water in sequence to renew a solid-liquid interface in sludge, and subjecting the sludge to an anaerobic digestion to increase methane production from organic matter in the sludge by anaerobic biotransformation.

An industrial wastewater and hydrocarbon treatment system including of a plurality of reactors and treatment modules that allows the application of principles of chemistry and quantum physics, dissociating electrons from the atoms or chemical elements contained in the hydrocarbon contaminated water. This invention advantageously allows the separation of water and oil in an efficient way, through the use of electromagnetic pulses with low amperage, and a series of filters.

The present disclosure relates to an integrated wastewater treatment apparatus and method, the apparatus comprises a first reactor module, a second reactor module, a sedimentation module and a gas-liquid separation module, the first reactor module comprises a first reactor and an anoxic reaction zone, an aerobic reaction zone, a first gas-gathering pressurized layer, a first water inlet pipe and an aeration device; the second reactor module comprises a second reactor, a second water inlet pipe, an anaerobic reaction zone and a second gas-gathering pressurized layer; the sedimentation module comprises a third reactor and a water outlet pipe; the gas-liquid separation module comprises a gas-liquid separator, an exhaust pipe, a first riser pipe, a second riser pipe and a return pipe. The apparatus can give full play to the advantages of the autotrophic biological denitrification process, meet the biochemical treatment requirements of wastewater with low C/N ratio.

Illustrative configurations of a pet hydration system and methods are disclosed. The pet hydration system includes a bowl section configured to temporarily store water therein. In one configuration, a hydrogen-generation assembly is positioned in the bowl section. The hydrogen-generation assembly generates and introduces hydrogen into the water temporarily stored in the bowl section. In other configurations, methods related to pet hydration are also disclosed.

Systems and methods to enhance the removal of inorganic contaminants, including metals, from hydrocarbon feedstocks at a refinery. One or more embodiments of such systems and methods may be used to provide a renewable hydrocarbon feedstock having a reduced amount of metal contaminants. The reduction of metal contaminants in the renewable hydrocarbon feedstock mitigates catalyst fouling and/or deactivation during downstream refinery processing of the renewable hydrocarbon feedstock.