A biofilter irrigation system comprises a cylindrical vessel having a central axis, a media bed positioned within the vessel, a spray head system positioned above the media bed, the spray head system comprising a central hub positioned at the central axis of the vessel, at least one arm extending distally from the central hub toward a wall of the vessel and configured to rotate about the central axis, and a plurality of nozzles connected to the at least one arm. The biofilter irrigation system further comprises a fluid outlet positioned below the media bed.

A method for nitrate removal from drinking water. The method includes adapting a sludge including hydrogenotrophic denitrifiers (HTDs) by dominating the HTDs in the sludge, cultivating a microalgae biomass, forming a microalgae-HTD biomass by cultivating a mixture of the adapted sludge and the cultivated microalgae biomass, nucleating a plurality of microalgae-HTD granules by cultivating the formed microalgae-HTD biomass in a sequencing batch (SB) mode with a constant HRT, growing the plurality of microalgae-HTD granules by cultivating the nucleated plurality of microalgae-HTD granules in an up flow (UF) mode with a reducing HRT, and continuous nitrate removal from nitrate-contaminated water with a minimum HRT over the grown plurality of microalgae-HTD granules.

A method for treating wastewater by using a coagulant that aggregates a phosphorus-containing substance. The method includes executing a reaction phase having a biological treatment phase and a subsequent chemical treatment phase. The chemical treatment phase includes the first substep of mixing the wastewater while injecting a predetermined dose of the coagulant into the basin in order for the coagulant to contact and coagulate the phosphorus-containing substances. The injection of the dose of the binding compound into the basin is performed during a time period equal to or more than a time period required to accomplish two mixing turnovers of the wastewater and equal to or less than a time period required to accomplish seven mixing turnovers of the wastewater. The second substep includes mixing the wastewater in order to flocculate the coagulated substance.

A system for desalination of salt water using solar energy. The system includes an inner channel for flow of salt water there through, the inner channel having a cover thereover that is water vapor impermeable yet UV transparent or transmissive. A collection channel for collecting clean water extends along the inner channel. By having the inlet of salt water to the inner channel elevated in relation to the outlet of salt water from the inner channel, the salt water flow naturally through the channel. A solar-powered pump can be used to provide the salt water to the inlet.

A desalination system includes a water tank, a water-repellent particle layer located at a lower portion of the tank and composed of water-repellent particles, and a devolatilizing layer located below the water-repellent particle layer. Liquid is introduced to the tank, the introduced liquid is heated to be evaporated into water vapor, and the water vapor passes through the water-repellent particle layer and is liquefied at the devolatilizing layer, so that fresh water is obtained from the liquid. The desalination system further includes a liquid level controller for determining a level of the liquid introduced to the tank in accordance with information on relationship between information corresponding to an amount of the liquid introduced to the tank and a surface level of the liquid in the tank, and an introduced amount controller for adjusting the amount of the liquid introduced to the tank in accordance with the determined liquid surface level.

A normal flow filtration system having a housing with one or more filters contained within a bowl and attached to the outlet of the system. Liquid enters the bowl, contacts the surfaces of the one or more filters. Impurities are trapped in the filter and the filtered liquid flows through to the outlet. Parameter(s) such as flow rate, transmembrane pressure drop and/or time are measured and when met, filtration ceases. A backflushing occurs through the filter(s) so as to remove the impurities from the filter. This backwashed material is directed to an outlet of the bowl that is connected to a drain. Additionally a port formed in the side of the housing adjacent an outer surface of the filter(s) can be used to provide a lateral washing of the filter(s). The system is then recirculated in a downstream manner to reestablish equilibrium and filtration is then restarted.

Bio-filter unit (1) intended for a fish farming system, said bio-filter unit (1) comprising a container (2) with a filter media (3) and an inner architecture, said inner architecture comprising at least one vertical tube (5) having an open input end (6) and an open output end (7), wherein the bio-filter unit (1) is connected to a pump (8) enabling pumping liquid and filter media (3) from a bottom (9) of the container (2) against a top (10) of the container (2) through said at least one vertical tube (5), wherein an upper plate (15) is arranged inclined downwards from and around the open output end (7) of the at least one vertical tube (5) and ends at a distance from a wall (13) of the container, wherein the upper plate (15) Is perforated and wherein a regeneration water outflow (16) is arranged under the upper plate (15).

A water purification device comprising a pre-purified water reservoir for storing pre-purified water, a water vapor chamber for receiving water vapor generated from heating the pre-purified water in the pre-purified water reservoir, a condensation chamber for receiving the water vapor and condensing the water vapor into purified water, and a Peltier device comprising a hot side and a cold side. The hot side of the Peltier device heats the pre-purified water into water vapor and the cold side of the Peltier device condenses the water vapor into purified water.

Removable and replaceable outlets for point-of-use showers or faucets, filter devices, and methods and systems including the outlets and/or filter devices, are disclosed.

Chemically oxidizing a wide range of targeted contaminants in soils, sludges, groundwater, process water, and wastewater and assisting in the eventual (over time) biological attenuation of the contaminants utilizing persulfates activated by trivalent metals, such as ferric iron. The use of trivalent metal activated persulfate results in a chemical oxidation process that yields degradation compounds which facilitate further attenuation via biological processes.