A method of removing chemical contaminants from a composition comprising an active, a solvent, and a contaminant can include providing an initial feed supply, wherein the initial feed supply comprises the active, the solvent, and the contaminant, wherein the contaminant can include 1,4 dioxane, dimethyl dioxane, or a combination thereof; including filtering the initial feed stock through a nanofilter.

Introduced here are treatment systems and associated processes for treating water using magnetic fields. A treatment system can comprise a hydromagnetic resonator that creates the magnetic fields through which water can be directed. A hydromagnetic resonator can include at least one expansion chamber that provides a tortuous path along which water is able to flow through a magnetic field created by an arrangement of permanent magnets and at least one convergent-divergent nozzle designed to accelerate the flow of water passing through a throat segment. Water directed through a hydromagnetic resonator will be magnetically treated while flowing through the magnetic field created by the arrangement of permanent magnets within each expansion chamber and then pressurized while flowing through the throat segment of each convergent-divergent nozzle.

This document describes systems and methods for treating and recovering water from feed solutions using a multilayer module with an expansion chamber. The multilayer module comprises a feed spacer layer, a permeate spacer layer and a membrane layer, wherein water vapor evaporated from the feed solution in the feed spacer passes through the membrane layer into the permeate spacer layer. The expansion chamber receives the water vapor from the permeate spacer layer and the feed solution from the feed spacer layer.

An event localization system for a water distribution system can identify disturbance events in the water distribution system and determine the progression of the disturbance event through the water distribution system. The event localization system can use a hydraulic model of the water distribution system to generate information regarding how a disturbance event may propagate or travel through the water distribution system. The event localization system can receive data regarding disturbance events from several sensors located throughout the water distribution system. Once the event localization system receives the disturbance event data from the sensors, the event localization system can use the disturbance event data and the information regarding how a disturbance event may propagate through the water distribution system to determine the source of the disturbance event and the time sequence of how the disturbance event propagated through the water distribution system. The event localization system can then provide a mapping of the source and time sequence of the disturbance event for a user.