Disclosed herein are graphene quantum dot tagged water source treatment compounds or polymers, and methods of making and using. Also described herein are tagged compositions including an industrial water source treatment compound or polymer combined with a graphene quantum dot tagged water source treatment compound or polymer. The tagged materials are tailored to fluoresce at wavelengths with minimized correspondence to the natural or “background” fluorescence of irradiated materials in industrial water sources, enabling quantification of the concentration of the water source treatment compound or polymer in situ by irradiation and fluorescence measurement of the water source containing the tagged water source treatment compound or polymer. The fluorescence measurement methods are similarly useful to quantify mixtures of tagged and untagged water source treatment compounds or polymers present in an industrial water source.

An ultraviolet light fluid treatment device includes an inlet, an outlet, a primary conduit, a secondary conduit, and a light source. The primary conduit connects the inlet and the outlet. The secondary conduit branches off the primary conduit at a first location of the primary conduit and merged with the primary conduit at a second location of the primary conduit. The light source is disposed between the primary conduit and the secondary conduit and configured to emit ultraviolet light, with which a region in the primary conduit is irradiated. A cross-sectional area in the primary conduit orthogonal to a first flow direction of a fluid in the primary conduit at the first location is greater than a cross-sectional area in the secondary conduit orthogonal to a second flow direction of the fluid in the secondary conduit at the first location.

A transportable system for creating an ORP in water includes an ozone supply unit and a manifold housed in separate enclosures on a wheeled frame. The ozone supply unit feeds into the manifold which contains a plurality of fluid paths and has one or more ozone intake ports. The ozone intake ports are fluidically coupled to one or more ozone output ports of the ozone supply unit. The manifold includes flow switches configured to transmit control signals to one or more controllers of the ozone supply unit in response to sensing a flow of water through the fluid paths in order to cause the ozone supply unit to generate ozone. The manifold also includes fluid mixers that are fluidically coupled to the ozone intake ports and configured to introduce the ozone generated by the ozone supply unit into the water flowing through the fluid paths.

Provided are a household toilet waste treatment system and a method of treating toilet waste using the same, the household toilet waste treatment system comprising a solid-liquid separation toilet, a biological treatment apparatus, a sterilization apparatus, and a combustion apparatus. The combustion apparatus complements a slow biological treatment apparatus to allow continuous treatment of the household toilet waste in a unit space without long-distance piping connections.

A UV reactor for disinfecting water and including a UV source printed circuit board assembly transfers heat to a heat sink in the form of a water facing thermal coupler. The UV source printed circuit board assembly may include a metal clad printed circuit board having a thermal contact region in thermal communication with the heat sink.

To provide a light source module device capable of controlling the light distribution of ultraviolet light with a small and simple structure. A light source module device 7 includes a substrate 4, a light source 3 mounted on the substrate 4 and emitting ultraviolet light, a reflector 8 mounted on the substrate 4 so as to surround the light source 3 and reflecting the ultraviolet light by its inner surface to guide the ultraviolet light toward an irradiation target, and a cap-like optical member 9 mounted so as to cover the outer circumference of the reflector 8 and condensing or diffusing the ultraviolet light.

Water purification particles have porous particles and photocatalyst particles formed of titanium-based compound particles that are supported on the porous particles, have absorption at a wavelength of 500 nm in a visible absorption spectrum, and have an absorption peak at 2,700 cm.sup.−1 to 3,000 cm.sup.−1 in an infrared absorption spectrum, and a metal compound having a metal atom and a hydrocarbon group is bonded to the surface of each of the titanium-based compound particles through an oxygen atom.

A water treatment system includes a water inlet that intakes water to be treated, a high voltage (HV) electrode having a porous metal surface area in a range of between 0.1 cm.sup.2 and 5 cm.sup.2 in fluid communication with the water, such that the water flows through the porous metal surface area of the HV electrode, a ground electrode disposed across a gap from the HV electrode, in fluid communication with the water, a high voltage power supply electrically connected to the HV electrode for generating spark plasma or pulsed electric fields having a rise time equal to or less than 60 nanoseconds (ns) and an amplitude greater than or equal to 30 kV/cm across the gap, thereby producing treated water, and a water outlet that discharges the treated water.

A method of producing water supersaturated with a gas includes drawing water from a water supply; filtering the water; purifying the water; disinfecting the water and neutralizing remaining biocontaminants; filtering the water to remove the neutralized biocontaminants; mineralizing the water; supersaturating the water with nanobubbles of a gas; and storing the water. A system for producing the supersaturated water includes a filter; a purification unit connected to an outlet of the filter; an ultraviolet treatment reservoir connected to an outlet of the purification unit; a second filter connected to an outlet of the UV treatment reservoir; a minerals addition unit connected to an outlet of the second filter; and a nanobubble generator connected to an outlet of the minerals addition unit. The water can be economically supersaturated at levels higher than 120%.

A filter device for filtering water. The device includes a housing, for submersion in a water reservoir, that includes an intake aperture for intake of water from the reservoir and a return aperture for returning water to the reservoir. The housing extends along an axis. The device includes a pump, housed in the housing, arranged on the axis to direct fluid from the intake aperture to the return aperture. The device includes a filter arrangement, housed in the housing, arranged along the axis from the pump in a fluid path between the intake aperture and the return aperture.