The present application pertains to systems and methods for desalination. In one embodiment the system employs a first storage reservoir configured to be near the surface of a body of water and configured to store a low density fluid. A second storage reservoir is configured to be located below the surface of the body of water. A desalination system is operably connected to the second reservoir. Desalinated water is produced by allowing desalination permeate to displace low density fluid in the second reservoir and transfer the low density fluid from the second reservoir to the first reservoir. Desalinated water is exported by transferring low density fluid from the first reservoir into the second reservoir to displace desalinated water from the second reservoir into a water export pipeline.

A process for treating waste waters with TDS?20 g/l, possibly containing organic substances, includes the following steps: a. separating the saline wastewater or waste waters from suspended solids and heavy pollutants by physical separation, forming a saline stream free of suspended solids and heavy pollutants; b. subjecting the saline stream to reverse electro-dialysis, using a reservoir solution to reduce the saline concentration and forming a diluate and a diluted stream (waste water) with TDS not higher than 20 g/l; and c. biologically treating the diluted stream obtained in (b) forming biological sludge, or excess sludge, and clarified water.

A staggered and crossed heat storage adsorption bed and a seawater desalination waste heat storage system are provided, which relate to the field of seawater desalination and the technical field of thermochemical adsorption heat storage. The adsorption bed includes a bed body, wherein an adsorption cavity is arranged in the bed body; two sides of the adsorption cavity are respectively communicated with an inlet cavity and an outlet cavity; the adsorption cavity includes a vacuum heat insulation layer arranged at an outermost side; the vacuum heat insulation layer is embedded with an adsorption box fixing layer; a corner end adsorption box, a central adsorption box and a side adsorption box are staggered and crossed arranged in an inner cavity of the vacuum heat insulation layer through the adsorption box fixing layer.

The invention relates to a device and a process for the desalination of NaCl solutions employing a three-chamber electrochemical cell separated by relative ion exchange membranes, namely a succession of a cathode chamber, a cation exchange membrane, a central chamber for the saline solution, an anion exchange membrane and an anode chamber. The oxidation of OH.sup.? and the reduction of H.sub.3O.sup.+ under the formation of OH.sup.? and H.sub.2 causes the passage of Na and Cl.sup.? ions from the central chamber to the other chambers, thereby reducing the salt concentration. The feeding of the cathode chamber can be managed in a circuit with the insertion of a carbonation reactor to reduce the concentration of NaOH and eliminate CO.sub.2 from the air. Under certain conditions, the chlorides entering the anode chamber undergo oxidation and the chlorine formed therein reacts with water to produce HCl and HClO.

A system for producing desalinated water from seawater or other saline water, wherein the system comprises the following equipment features or equipment items, in a typical direction of flow: a subsea seawater inlet, a subsea pretreatment stage, at least comprising one or more of a subsea filter and/or a subsea seawater pre-treatment unit and/or a subsea coarse screen unit, and/or a hydrocyclone, a subsea feed pump, fluidly coupled to, a subsea RO unit, a subsea product pump fluidly coupled to a RO unit product outlet, a product line fluidly coupled to the subsea product pump, and a RO unit reject outlet, preferably coupled to a reject line. The system is distinctive in that: the subsea seawater inlet is at a depth below or within the thermocline layer of the seawater, that is below the epipelagic zone, or as close as feasible if the local depth is insufficient to reach the thermocline layer, and wherein the system preferably is without any barrier fluid supply to the subsea pumps.

A process in which a waste stream containing microbes and organic constituents is passed through a process environment comprising a solid media, microbes, and higher animals, such that some of the microbes and/or organic constituents within the waste stream are removed from the waste stream and some of the removed microbes are destroyed or consumed by the higher animals. The process environment may include an irrigated environment, a submerged environment, or a combined environment.

An integrated process which simultaneously removes water and precipitated salts from oil and gas well produced saltwater, thus reducing or eliminating the cost and environmental problems associated with waste water disposal, while adding revenue through electrical production and other coproducts. The addition of a zero emissions engine will also convert wellhead natural gas into carbon neutral, emission free electrical and thermal energy, along with facilitating additional products further reducing the cost of processing the saltwater.

In an improved method of distilling fluids, some or all of the fluid is recovered as distillate and the fluid is situated in the shell side of a first shell and tube heat exchanger. The fluid to be recovered as distillate is successively boiled, demisted, compressed and then introduced into upper ends of the tubes. A second shell and tube heat exchanger is located below the first heat exchanger, and distillate from upper ends of the tubes in the second heat exchanger are arranged to receive distillate liquid and/or vapor from the lower ends of tubes of the first heat exchanger. The fluid is located in the shell of the second heat exchanger and that fluid is heated but is not boiled. A mechanism is provided to supply at least some of the heated fluid to the shell of the first heat exchanger.

A bacterial fuel cell including a plurality of anodes and a plurality of cathodes in liquid communication with a liquid to be purified, the plurality of anodes and the plurality of cathodes each including a metal electrical conductor arranged to be electrically coupled across a load in an electrical circuit and an electrically conductive coating at least between the metal electrical conductor and the liquid to be purified, the electrically conductive coating being operative to mutually seal the liquid and the electrical conductor from each other.

The present invention relates to a system and process for treating a feedwater wherein the system includes at least one or nanofiltration unit that receives a feed under high pressure and produces a concentrate that is directed to and held at low pressure in a concentrate accumulator. Generally the permeate or the inlet feedwater is maintained at a constant flow rate. Periodically the system is switched from a mode 1 or normal operating process to a mode 2 where the concentrate is drained from the concentrate accumulator. However, in mode 2, the feedwater is still directed into the system and through the RO or nanofiltration unit which produces the permeate and the concentrate.