A dishwashing method in which water having an oxidizing and disinfecting action is provided in a dishwasher and used as dishwashing water or added to a dishwashing water, wherein, to provide the water, a) a stream of untreated water is fed into a reverse osmosis device and separated into a concentrate stream and a permeate stream, b) ozone is produced by an ozone generator, and c) the ozone is introduced into the permeate stream emerging from the reverse osmosis device, wherein the reverse osmosis controls ozone production in that the ozone generator is configured such that ozone is only produced and mixed with the permeate stream when the reverse osmosis device is in operation.

The disclosure provides systems methods and apparatus for purifying water. A purification device includes a heating vessel adapted to receive impure water and output water or water vapor. The device further includes at least one heating element arranged outside and in thermal contact with the heating vessel, configured to provide heat to the impure water. The device also includes at least one heat exchanger to exchange heat between the impure water and the water vapor to raise the temperature of the impure water. In some example implementations, the at least one heating element can include a Peltier cell.

A waste treatment system may include a liquid separator for removing water from solid waste, a mixing tank connected to the liquid separator for mixing the solid waste with an oxidizing agent, a heat exchanger connected to the mixing tank for collecting heat generated by an exothermic reaction caused by mixing the oxidizing agent with the solid waste, and a sanitizer connected to the liquid separator to sanitize the water removed from the solid waste. A waste treatment method may involve separating water from solid waste in a liquid separator, mixing the solid waste from the liquid separator with an oxidizing agent in a mixing tank connected to the liquid separator to cause an exothermic reaction, collecting heat from the exothermic reaction in a heat exchanger coupled with the mixing tank, and sanitizing the water from the liquid separator in a sanitizer.

Provided are a water treatment system and a water treatment method capable of downsizing a facility and inexpensively producing freshwater. A water treatment system includes: a first reverse osmosis treatment device for separating wastewater into desalinated permeate water and concentrated wastewater; a mixing unit for mixing the separated concentrated wastewater and intake seawater; a second reverse osmosis treatment device for separating mixed water obtained by mixing the concentrated wastewater and the seawater into desalinated permeate water and concentrated mixed water; and a return pipe for returning a portion of the separated concentrated mixed water to the mixing unit. The water treatment method includes the following steps: mixing intake seawater with wastewater; separating the mixed water into permeate water and concentrated mixed water; re-mixing a portion of the concentrated mixed water with the mixed water; and producing freshwater by re-separating the re-mixed water into permeate water and concentrated mixed water.

A water treatment system for monitoring and controlling a concentration of water treatment substances within a reservoir.

The invention relates to bio-electrochemical systems for treating wastewater, and sour gas produced by anaerobic digestion of organic material. The invention further relates to novel anode/cathode pairing schemes, and electric and hydraulic architectures for use in bio-electrochemical systems.

An electrode assembly includes a hollow member having a hollow portion, an oxygen supply portion that supplies oxygen to the hollow portion, and an oxygen permeable portion that allows permeation of oxygen supplied to the hollow portion. Moreover, the electrode assembly includes: an electrode that is provided on an outside of the hollow member in the oxygen permeable portion and is composed by laminating a water-repellent layer having oxygen permeability and an electrically conductive layer on each other from the oxygen permeable portion side; and a buffer member that is provided in the hollow portion and has pressure resistance. Then, the electrode assembly is provided with air permeability from the oxygen supply portion to the oxygen permeable portion. A microbial fuel cell includes: the electrode assembly; and a negative electrode that supports microorganisms.

Embodiments of this invention provide an integrated system for clean energy generation and storage and RO desalination. The integrated system includes a first subsystem that stores hydraulic energy. The integrated system further includes a second subsystem that desalinates water. The integration system also includes a penstock that facilitates flow of the water between the first subsystem and the second subsystem. The integrated subsystem may also incorporate solar and/or wind power generation plants as a power source for the integrated system.

Embodiments of this invention provide an integrated system for processing ore feedstock and RO treatment utilizing the principals of pumped storage hydroelectric technology including the use of an upper reservoir and lower reservoir. The integrated system includes a first subsystem that generates waste associated with processing the ore feedstock. In the integrated system, the waste includes the treatment of contaminated water. The integrated system further includes a second subsystem that treats the contaminated water included in the waste to generate recycled water and transmits the recycled water to the first subsystem. The integrated subsystem may also incorporate solar and/or wind power generation plants as a power source for the integrated system.

The present invention relates to a process for treating secondary components obtained in acrolein and/or (meth)acrylic acid production, comprising the steps of: a) contacting at least one wastewater stream (201) comprising at least a portion of the water of reaction removed in a first stage of a saturation column (101) with at least one process offgas stream (203), b) introducing energy by means of a first heat transferer (103) provided in a first saturation circuit (301) into the first stage of the saturation column (101), c) partly vaporizing the wastewater stream (201) into the process offgas stream (203) and passing the combined gas stream (205) into a second stage of the saturation column (101), d) drawing off a concentrated wastewater stream (207) from the bottom (1011) of the first stage of the saturation column (101) and feeding it to the top (1023) of the second stage of the saturation column (101), e) introducing energy by means of a second heat transferer (105) provided in a second circuit (303) into the second stage of the saturation column (101), f) partly vaporizing the concentrated wastewater stream (207) into the combined gas stream (205) to obtain an offgas stream (209), g) superheating the offgas stream (209), after it has been saturated, in a third heat transferer (113) to obtain a superheated offgas stream (211) and h) transferring the offgas stream (209) or the superheated offgas stream (211) from the saturation column (101) to a thermal aftertreatment. The present invention further relates to a plant (1) for treating the secondary components obtained in acrolein and/or (meth)acrylic acid production.