A water softener salt monitoring system includes a brine tank configured for retaining a quantity of salt, a quantity of water and having a bottom, a sensor secured to the brine tank and constructed and arranged for sending a signal to the bottom, the sensor including a receiver configured for receiving a reflected signal off of at least one of the quantity of salt, the quantity of water and the bottom, and a controller connected to the sensor and programmed to compare the reflected signals with preset values, and for generating an alarm signal upon receipt of deviations from the preset values.

A low-pressure distribution system configured to pressurize effluent and distribute it throughout pressure conduits disposed within drainage conduits. The low-pressure distribution system may pressurize the effluent such that it is dispersed along a substantial portion or the entirety of the length of the pressure conduits and/or drainage conduits. To that end, the low-pressure distribution system may ensure an efficient distribution of the effluent throughout the drainage conduits while retaining an effluent flow rate therein suitable for the growth of microbial water treating bacteria.

The present invention comprises a novel foldable and intrinsically safe planar coiled inductance sensor to measure liquid depths, solids in liquid depths, and two different liquids depths. This invention is used in onsite wastewater management systems (OWTS) to monitor depths of solids, oil, and effluent in a wastewater tank. The inductors are configured to allow for solids, liquids and gases to surround the coils. A number of coils are hung in series from near the OWTS tank lid to at least 18 inches below the output baffle to measure the different materials at different depths in the OWTS tank. The inductance sensors are capable of use with various materials to measure solids, oil, and effluent depths in an OWTS tank.

A water purification process for treating water containing at least some organic contaminants, and including the steps of pre-treating the water for capturing organic contaminants from solution in a water stream, by passing the water into a spin up bowl to speed up the water stream, forcing the high speed stream through an annular flow passage located centrally of the spin up bowl passing the high velocity stream between a magnetic member and a magnetic ring, thereafter passing the water stream into an energy recovery bowl, directing the flow from the flow passage onto a zinc anode member; and thereafter passing the water stream along a grounded pipe, thereby causing the development of fine particles of calcium carbonates, and capturing the organic contaminants

A method, an apparatus, and a system for treating a waste in a vehicle. The waste is received from a lavatory in a waste tank through a waste input port connected to the lavatory in the vehicle. Anaerobic bacteria are introduced into the waste such that anaerobic digestion occurs to breakdown a biodegradable material in the waste in the waste tank.

Use of Fenton's reagent or modified Fenton's reagent is described to promote rejuvenation of water treatment systems hampered by bioclogging matter. Hydraulic flow through one or more components of the water treatment system may be enhanced through the use of modified Fenton's reagent.

A method for the detection and monitoring of surface fouling from the nanoscale as a predictive or real-time monitoring tool is provided. Also provided are devices for carrying out the method, and to uses of the method, in particular for optimising cleaning procedures of devices or components thereof fouled by flows of foulant.

A water disinfection system with a flow-through treatment chamber, a plurality of elongated ultraviolet lamps positioned parallel to each other in at least one array within the treatment chamber, and a stand-alone frame which holds in place the lamps of the array and which is constructed so that all lamps of the array can be lifted out of the chamber simultaneously. The array is disposed so that the water must pass through the array. The frame has a cuboid outer shape, an upstream end including front frame members, a downstream end including rear frame members, and a frame center section including side frame members. The array is contained inside the cuboid shape and the frame is positioned in the chamber in an unguided manner and has attachment elements for attaching the frame to a lifting mechanism.

There is described a water purifying apparatus comprising: (i) at least one water inlet; (ii) an ultra-violet (UVC) radiation chamber connected to the water inlet(s); (iii) a plurality of UVC light emitting diodes (UVC-LEDs) for the emission of UVC light into the radiation chamber; (iv) a control to operate UVC-LEDs in use, and (v) at least one UVC-LED aging monitor to provide feedback to the control.

A filter assembly (10) which is suitable for use in a fluid container (1) of a domestic appliance comprises a filter element (30) and a filter housing (40) for delimiting a portion (8) of a fluid container (1) in which a fluid retrieval pipe (4) is present and in which the filter element (30) is to be arranged, the filter housing (40) being adapted to let fluid into the delimited portion (8) of the fluid container (1) and to direct a fluid flow from an inlet position (41) to an inlet (5) of the fluid retrieval pipe (4) through the filter element (30), the filter element (30) being configured for at least partially enclosing the fluid retrieval pipe (4), and the filter element (30) having a filter medium and a semi-permeable skin for at least partially enclosing the filter medium.