An online cleaning system for micro-polluted nanofiltration membranes uses forward osmosis, and a process of the online cleaning system, and relates to the field of water treatment membrane separation technique. The online cleaning system includes a nanofiltration raw water tank, a nanofiltration membrane assembly, a pure water tank, a forward osmosis feed solution tank, a forward osmosis draw solution tank, a first saline water tank, a second saline water tank and a water bath temperature control device. Compared with convention techniques, some embodiments include efficient cleaning of the nanofiltration membranes that is realized by using forward osmosis as a nanofiltration membrane cleaning system, and cyclic regeneration of the nanofiltration membranes can be realized, so that the purposes of removing dissolved organic matters in micro-polluted raw water, reducing hardness of calcium and magnesium and prolonging the service life can be achieved.

A water treatment system, such as a water softening system, having a water treatment tank with at least one distributor plate mounted inside to support filter media and/or ion exchange resin. The water treatment system is designed to treat hard water with a packed ion-exchange filter media and has a distributor plate design for facilitating the ion-exchange within a water softener resin bed, as well as facilitating the regeneration of the resin bed. The distributor plate presents cavities to the topside for entrapping filter media, and the cavities have narrow slits located at the base for allowing fluid to pass. A method for assembling the water treatment tank and supporting inserted distributor plate is shown. The distributor plate rest on and is supported by a domed-shaped structure that can be placed in the bottom portion of the water treatment vessel.

A water softener apparatus comprising a housing having a chamber for accommodating at least one compressed salt block having an elongated block form, the configuration accommodating the compressed salt block within the chamber with its longitudinal axis in a vertical orientation. The water softener apparatus includes a manually detachable front cover enclosing the chamber and a non-touch salt level indicator device arranged in or on the front cover of the housing above the chamber to determine a salt level from an upper end face of the compressed salt block accommodated in the chamber, the non-touch salt level indicator device determining the salt level from the upper end face of the compressed salt block through a wall of the front cover of the housing. The non-touch salt level indicator device is a battery powered device and the water softener apparatus is a non-electric powered water softener apparatus.

Magnetic nanoparticle coated porous materials for recovering a contaminant from contaminated water are provided. In embodiments, such a material comprises a porous substrate having a solid matrix defining a plurality of pores distributed through the solid matrix and further comprising a coating comprising magnetic nanoparticles on surfaces of the solid matrix.

The invention relates to a system and method of use for concentrating a solution that is eluted from an ion exchange process (elution solution) during an ion exchange regeneration using the osmotic pressure of the salt saturator. This method recovers solvent from the elution solution that could be used in a future ion exchange regeneration process. The concentration of the elution solution may include the precipitation and removal of solids from the elution solution.

A system and method for a gas oil separation plant (GOSP) that receives crude oil from a wellhead. The GOSP has a sand filter associated with a water-oil separator vessel that removes crude oil from oily water in the GOSP. The sand filter is a filter having sand as filter media.

A magnetic polymer adsorption material, preparation method and use thereof, which relate to the field of magnetic polymer materials. The preparation method comprises: (1) preparing magnetic nanoparticles; (2) dissolving the magnetic nanoparticles in a pore-forming agent, adding N-vinylpyrrolidone, divinylbenzene and an initiator respectively, and mixing uniformly; (3) adding an emulsifier and a dispersant into an aqueous solution; adding a part of the oil phase solution prepared in step (2) at the temperature below 60° C., and adding the rest of the oil phase solution when the temperature rises to 60° C. or above, reacting with stirring, precipitating and filtering the reacted solution, washing and drying the precipitate, and finally obtaining the magnetic polymer adsorption material. The material has the particle size of 2-100 μm, the magnetization of 5-19.5 emu/g and the specific surface area of 210-950 m.sup.2/g, and can be applied to the adsorption of inorganic and organic matters in solutions, the controlled release of inorganic and organic matters, and the separation of different substances.

This specification describes membrane based filtration and softening systems and methods. A system has a microfiltration or ultrafiltration (MF/UF) membrane unit upstream of a nanofiltration or reverse osmosis (NF/RO) membrane unit, optionally with no intermediate tank. In some cases, the system and method may be used with feed water provided at municipal line pressure to the membranes. NF/RO permeate is collected in a tank and then pumped to a header. Treated water may be drawn from the header for use or recycled to the system, for example to backwash or flush one or both of the membrane units. In a combined process, NF/RO permeate flushes the feed side of the NF/RO unit and then backwashes the MF/UF unit. In another process, the MF/UF unit and NF/RO unit are filled with NF/RO permeate before being placed in a standby mode.

An exemplary, nonlimiting embodiment of the present invention relates to a water treatment and filtration system for reducing the concentration disinfection byproducts within drinking water treated by municipal drinking water treatment plants. This water treatment and filtration system reduces the concentration of disinfection byproducts, which may include trihalomethanes (THM) and haloacetic acids (HAA5), in drinking water using a clever sequencing of treatment techniques that intentionally promote formation of the disinfectant byproducts prior to filtration to effectively remove disinfection byproduct precursors and prevent subsequent formation of disinfection byproducts downstream during distribution. Moreover, this water treatment and filtration system can be retrofitted to a variety of municipal drinking water treatment plants and is designed to easily scale if demand for drinking water within the municipality increases.

The present invention relates to a process and plant for treating feed water containing nitrate. The process includes, sorbing nitrate from the feed water onto an ion exchange resin to form a loaded resin and produce a treated water stream depleted in nitrate, regenerating the loaded resin so that the resin can be reused and produce a brine stream high in nitrate; and converting nitrate in the brine stream into molecular nitrogen gas with the assistance of a bioactive agent.