A method for assessing a state of fouling of a reverse osmosis system is provided. The method includes deriving a plurality of impedance values from a low frequency region of an electrical impedance spectrum of a reverse osmosis membrane comprised in the reverse osmosis system, and determining a state of fouling of the reverse osmosis system based on the plurality of derived impedance values. Use of the method for in-situ monitoring of fouling on a reverse osmosis membrane, and an apparatus for assessing a state of fouling of a reverse osmosis system are also provided.

A circulating water preparation system for cooling plants, a cooling system, in particular a recooling system, and a method for operating such a cooling system. In such a cooling system a surface of a heat exchanger is cooled by wetting with water, the water is collected in a collecting tank and returned by means of a water circuit for the renewed wetting of the surface of the heat exchanger. The method is characterised in that the water is purified by means of a filter, in particular a membrane filter. As a result considerably less biocide is needed to keep the water free of germs, in particular legionella, compared to conventional cooling systems or methods for operating such cooling systems.

An assembly comprising at least two elements in a movable arrangement relative to each other for performing a first function of the assembly is furthermore equipped with an anti-biofouling system for subjecting at least an area of the assembly that is to be at least partially exposed to water during at least a part of its lifetime to an anti-biofouling action as an additional function of the assembly, different from the first function of the assembly. The anti-biofouling system comprises one or more light sources for emitting anti-biofouling light, and the anti-biofouling system is adapted to realize coverage of the area with the anti-biofouling light on the basis of the movable arrangement of the at least two elements relative to each other for performing the first function of the assembly.

The present invention is a method for removing a biofilm formed in a water system comprising, exposing the biofilm to a liquid having a hydroxyl radical generation ability, obtained by a predetermined measurement method, of 0.15 or more.

A method and apparatus are provided for dosing biocide into fluid. A biofilm sensor configured to measure an amount of biofilm on the biofilm sensor is used. A method identifies, if present, in a data set representing measurement over time by the biofilm sensor a minimum and an inflection point and, if identified. According to some embodiments, dosing of biocide is determined to be effectuated when an inflection point has been identified occurring time wise after an identified minimum.

A control system suppresses biological growth, scale formation and/or corrosion in a recirculating evaporative cooling facility (1). The control system is configured to: monitor a value (C) from at least one sensor (19a-l). The value is indicative of an ion concentration in a cooling liquid of the recirculating evaporative cooling facility (1). The control system controls at least one flow regulation device (21, 23) for regulating the hydraulic operation of at least one de-ionising unit (13) of the recirculating evaporative cooling facility (1). The control system is configured to control at least one parameter of hydraulic operation of the at least one de-ionising unit (13) based on an adaptive target water saving as long as the monitored value (C) does not pass a pre-determined threshold.

A method is disclosed for monitoring deposit formation in an aqueous process. The method includes providing a feed flow of aqueous liquid onto a receiving surface of a monitoring cell. At least part of the receiving surface is illuminated with a light source. Visual data is collected at a multitude of positions across the receiving surface, and the collected visual data is analysed. A quantitative scaling and/or fouling indication is computed for the receiving surface. The monitoring cell has an inlet for the aqueous feed flow and an outlet for a reject flow from the monitoring cell. The receiving surface includes a selective barrier membrane. The feed flow is directed to the receiving surface at an elevated pressure to produce a permeate part that passes through the selective barrier membrane, and a concentrate part that forms the reject flow.

Wastewater treatment systems are disclosed. A wastewater treatment system includes a wastewater conduit disposed in a wastewater treatment vessel, a pump comprising an intake and an outlet connectable to the at least one opening of the wastewater conduit, and an adapter comprising a first end and a second end. The adapter is configured, in a treatment mode, to provide a flow path for wastewater from the wastewater treatment vessel through the adapter and pump to the wastewater conduit. The adapter is further configured to, in a backflush mode, provide a flow path for wastewater through the plurality of nozzles of the wastewater conduit and through the adapter and pump for discharge into the wastewater treatment vessel. Methods of treating wastewater using the system and adapter are disclosed. Methods of retrofitting a wastewater treatment system by providing the adapter are disclosed.

An air scrubber system including a system for creating an oxidation reduction potential (ORP) in water is disclosed. The system includes a pipe assembly for in-line mixing. The pipe assembly includes a first flow path for water to flow through. The first flow path includes one or more ozone intake ports that are fluidically coupled to one or more ozone output ports of an ozone supply unit. The pipe assembly further includes a second flow path fluidically coupled in parallel with the first flow path. The second flow path includes a control valve that selectively permits a portion of the water to flow through the second flow path to produce a negative pressure in the first flow path so that ozone is drawn into the first flow path through the one or more ozone intake ports and mixed into the water flowing through the first flow path.

The invention provides an object (10) that during use is at least partly submerged in water, the object (10) further comprising an anti-bio fouling system (200) comprising an UV emitting element (210), wherein the UV emitting element (210) comprises one or more light sources (220) and is configured to irradiate with UV radiation (221) during an irradiation stage one or more of (i) a part (111) of an external surface (11) of said object (10) and (ii) water adjacent to said part (111) of said external surface (11), wherein the object (10) is selected from the group consisting of a vessel (1) and an infrastructural object (15), wherein the object (10) further comprises a water switch (400), wherein the anti-bio fouling system (200) is configured to provide said UV radiation (221) to said part (111) in dependence of the water switch (400) being in physical contact with the water.