Embodiments described herein generally relate to humidification-dehumidification desalination systems, including apparatuses that include a vessel comprising a humidification region (e.g., a bubble column humidification region) and a dehumidification region (e.g., a bubble column dehumidification region), mobile humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination systems (e.g., systems having a relatively low height and/or a relatively small footprint), and associated systems and methods. Certain embodiments generally relate to methods of operating, controlling, and/or cleaning desalination systems comprising a plurality of desalination units (e.g., HDH desalination units).

A dosing pump (19) doses antiscalant into a membrane-based water treatment system (1). The dosing pump (19) includes a displacement body for pumping antiscalant into the membrane-based water treatment system (1) in doses. A motor drives the displacement body. A control module controls the motor. The control module is configured to vary the dosage of antiscalant pumped into the water treatment system (1) based on a temperature corrected system variable (SVTc) being based on a plurality of operating variables of the water treatment system (1).

A slurry product is shown for treating water to both soften the water and to remove silica. The slurry is prepared by blending, in an aqueous medium, hydrated lime under the form of a slurry or of a powder with at least partly hydrated dolime, or magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide particles or a combination thereof under the form of a slurry or of a powder, to form an aqueous slurry where the amounts of the dolime, magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide particles or the combination thereof are provided such that the solid content of the slurry is up to 60% by weight of the slurry. The slurry also maintains a stable and pumpable viscosity for over a month.

A method of demulsifying an emulsion with an ionic liquid having a nitrogen or phosphorus cation.

The present invention relates to systems and methods for cleaning materials, such as flooring and upholstery. In some cases, the systems and methods use an electrolytic cell to electrolyze a solution comprising sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, sodium percarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and/or any other suitable chemical to generate electrolyzed alkaline water and/or electrolyzed oxidizing water. In some cases, the cell comprises a recirculation loop that recirculates anolyte through an anode compartment of the cell. In some cases, the cell further comprises a sensor and a processor, where the processor is configured to automatically change an operation of the cell, based on a reading from the sensor. In some cases, a fluid flows past a magnet before entering the cell. In some additional cases, fluid from the cell is conditioned by being split into multiple conduits that run in proximity to each other. Additional implementations are described.

An economical method for recovering phosphate or phosphate and nitrogen from liquid streams. A liquid containing phosphate is introduced into a culture of autotrophic microorganisms in the presence of natural or artificial light, thereby producing a liquid effluent with elevated pH and reduced alkalinity. The alkalinity is reduced through the consumption of bicarbonate/carbonate by the autotrophic microorganisms. The effluent is then chemically treated with low-cost chemicals to provide Ca.sup.++ or Mg.sup.++ ions necessary to form a phosphate precipitate such as calcium phosphate or magnesium-ammonium-phosphate (MAP). The autotrophic microorganisms can be cultivated in ponds, lagoons, or photobioreactors. The pH of the culture is adjustable within a preferred range of 7.5 to 10.5 by adjusting the photobioreactor operation. The process includes an economical flotation separator for solid, liquid, gas separation and a means of concentrating ammonia nitrogen that may also be removed during the process of phosphate reclamation.

An apparatus, system and method to remove purified vapor from a contaminated fluid including a modified heat exchanger. The heat exchanger comprising an inlet wherein contaminated fluid flows in the heat exchanger through the inlet; at least two outlets wherein a first outlet exits purified vapor and a second outlet wherein contaminated fluid with a portion removed as purified vapor exits the apparatus; an energy source that causes the contaminated fluid to heat to a temperature wherein at least a portion of the contaminated fluid is converted to purified vapor; at least two different flow paths from at least one inlet to the first outlet and second outlet, the first and second flow paths flow through at least a portion of the apparatus wherein differences causes the lighter purified vapor to take a different path than the heavier contaminated with the purified vapor exiting the first outlet and the contaminated fluid exiting the second outlet.

A deposit monitoring device includes a non-permeated water line discharging non-permeated water where dissolved components and dispersed components are concentrated from water to be treated from a separation membrane device for obtaining permeated water by concentrating the dissolved components and dispersed components from water to be treated by a separation membrane; a first deposit detecting unit using part of the non-permeated water branched off as a detection liquid, and having a first separation membrane for detection in which the detection liquid is separated into permeated water for detection and non-permeated water for detection; a deposition condition altering device altering deposition conditions for deposits in the first separation membranes for detection; and first flow rate measuring devices for separated liquid detection that measure the flow rates of one or both of the permeated water for detection and the non-permeated water for detection separated by the first separation membrane for detection.

Unconventional hydrocarbons production from shale and tight-sand formations unlocks vast new energy sources to the nation. However, public perception about excessive potable water use in hydro-fracturing and possible pollution routes in discharging and reusing produced water (flow-back water) promotes state's stringent regulations and opens the door to develop effective produced water treatment methods. This invention is therefore aimed at properly treating produced water to avert health and environmental liabilities and convert economic losses to useful by-products using innovative methods to de-oil, de-scale, and de-salt produced water.

Hydrophobically modified Si-containing polyamines are useful for treating scale in industrial process streams. Preferred hydrophobically modified Si-containing polyamines are particularly useful for treating aluminosilicate scale in difficult-to-treat industrial process streams, such as in the Bayer alumina process streams, nuclear waste streams and kraft paper mill effluent streams.