A serial filtration system for liquid purification includes a preliminary-stage reverse-osmosis (RO) module and a first-stage, high-permeability, reverse-osmosis (HiRO) module. Both modules include (a) a chamber including an inlet, a retentate outlet, and a permeate outlet, and (b) at least one membrane separating the chamber into a retentate side on an upstream side of the membrane and a permeate side on a downstream side of the membrane. The membrane in the preliminary stage is an RO membrane, while the membrane in the first stage is an oxidized membrane. The first-stage inlet is in fluid communication with the preliminary-stage, retentate outlet; and the oxidized membrane in the first stage, comprises an oxidized polyamide active layer coated on a porous support, wherein the oxidized polyamide active layer has an atomic oxygen/nitrogen ratio of at least 1.5.

A chemical-agent dosing apparatus for dosing a heating system with chemical agent. The apparatus comprises a chemical-agent storage chamber which stores a chemical agent and a dosing device which has a dosing chamber and a driving means. The dosing chamber is fluidly connected with the storage chamber and defines a dosing volume for receiving a dose of chemical agent. The driving means drives fluid from the dosing chamber via the dose outlet.

Electrolytic liquid generation device includes stacked body in which conductive membrane is interposed between cathode and anode constituting electrodes, electrolytic part that electrolyzes a liquid, and housing in which electrolytic part is disposed. Housing includes flow path in which a liquid flowing direction intersects a stacking direction of stacked body. Electrolytic part includes slot open to flow path in which a part of interface between conductive membrane and the electrode is exposed. In housing, positioning member is disposed, and positioning member positions the electrode. This configuration provides electrolytic liquid generation device in which an electrode can be downsized and the electrode can be positioned in housing.

The polarization and turbulent water ionizer intended for white and sanitary conveniences comprising a hollow body with a system of through-flow openings for inlet and outlet of water fitted with systems of electrodes arranged inside in an alternating manner, made of differently conductive materials and stabilized within spacers is further resolved in a manner where the cylindrical or flat electrodes (1) of the anode and of the electrodes (2) of the cathode have turbulent openings (3) and/or deflected turbulent fans (4), where the hollow body (5) is fitted with a shield (6) protecting against electromagnetic field. In one embodiment the axes of the cylindrical electrodes (1) of the anode and of the electrodes (2) of the cathode are arranged inside the hollow body (5) and oriented perpendicularly to the through-flow openings (7). In the other case, the axes of the flat electrodes (1) of the anode and of the electrodes (2) of the cathode are arranged inside the hollow body (5) and oriented axially with reference to the through-flow openings (7). The shield (6) protecting against electromagnetic field applied on the inner side of the hollow body (5) refers to a metallic grid/gauze and/or a metallic plate.

A predictive system for monitoring fouling of membranes of a desalination or water softening plant includes ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, and/or nanofiltration (NF) membranes. In addition, the system includes one or more UF skids including a plurality of UF units. Each UF unit contains therein a plurality of UF membranes. Further, the system includes one or more RO/NF skids including one or more RO/NF arrays. Each of the one or more RO/NF arrays includes a plurality of RO units, with each RO unit containing therein a plurality of RO membranes, a plurality of NF units, with each NF unit containing therein a plurality of NF membranes, or a combination thereof. Still further, the system includes UF sensors and/or RO/NF sensors. The system also includes a controller comprising a processor in signal communication with the UF sensors and/or the RO/NF sensors.

The invention provides a device with a steam function, wherein the device includes a water supply opening, a scale inhibitor dosing element, a flow control device, a heating unit, a scale collector element, and a water processing unit. Further, the flow control device provides a fluid including water to flow from the water supply opening via the heating unit to the water processing unit; the scale inhibitor dosing element provides a scale inhibitor to the water at a location in the heating unit and/or upstream of the heating unit; the heating unit includes heating the water in a heating mode and for converting the water into steam in a steam formation mode; and the scale collector element is arranged downstream of the heating unit and upstream of a flow restriction, wherein the scale collector element includes collecting scale particles from the fluid flowing through the scale collector element.

A preparation method and use of a modified hydroxyethyl cellulose scale inhibitor for inhibiting silica scale are provided. The scale inhibitor is prepared by grafting reaction with hydroxyethyl cellulose as a raw material, ammonium persulfate as an initiator and N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) methyl acrylamide as a graft monomer. The grafting reaction can introduce grafting chains containing amide group and tertiary amine group into a cellulose molecular chain, so that it can effectively disperse scale forming substances and obtain the efficient environment-friendly scale inhibitor. The scale inhibitor can effectively inhibit the generation of silica scale and prevent the increase of scale particle size, the scale inhibitor is used in a reverse osmosis system, which can effectively alleviate the decline of the membrane flux. The scale inhibitor has a good application prospect in controlling the silica scale on the surface of the reverse osmosis membrane.

The invention relates to methods, systems and apparatus for distributed management of raw water and internal combustion engine (ICE) gas emissions generated during industrial operations. One aspect of the invention at least partially utilizes a hot gas air knife to increase or partially increase surface area between a raw water and a hot gas in order to vaporize a proportion of the aqueous phase of the raw water and concentrate contaminants within a residual raw water concentrate. The water vapor generated by the vaporization process may be demisted, discharged directly to the atmosphere or alternatively condensed and captured for use. Another aspect relates to how the liquids and gasses interact to continuously flush the surfaces of the system which may help mitigate scaling issues. The invention may help facilitate rapid transfer of ICE combustion gas particulate and ICE combustion gas chemicals onto and into the raw water as it concentrates.

A composition for stabilizing iron compounds in an aqueous environment, includes a polycarboxylic acid or its salt(s), at least one monomeric or polymeric phosphonate including at least one phosphonic acid group, or its salt(s), at least one corrosion inhibitor including amino groups, and 1-15 weight-% of polycitric acid or a copolymer of citric acid with polyols or glycerol, calculated as an active ingredient from a total weight of constituents in the composition, as dry.

A valve device 3 includes a housing 2 and a valve body 4. The valve body 4 has a first switching position where a first supply port 31 and a first discharge port 33 communicate via an inner flow path 44 and a second supply port 32 and a second discharge port 34 communicate via an outer flow path 45, a second switching position where the first supply port 31 and the second discharge port 34 communicate via the outer flow path 45 and the second supply port 32 and the first discharge port 33 communicate via the inner flow path 44, a third switching position where the first supply port 31 and the first discharge port 33 communicate via the outer flow path 45 and the second supply port 32 and the second discharge port 34 communicate via the inner flow path 44, and a fourth switching position where the first supply port 31 and the second discharge port 34 communicate via the inner flow path 44 and the second supply port 32 and the first discharge port 33 communicate via the outer flow path 45.