A solid, non-phosphorus water treatment composition can be used for cooling water treatment applications. The composition can include a polycarboxylic acid, a polymeric dispersant, a soluble corrosion inhibitor, and a fluorescent tracer. The composition can define a solid that is devoid of phosphorus and has a pH effective such that, when the composition is dissolved in water at a concentration of 2 weight percent to form a solution, the solution has a pH within a range from 1 to 5.

A sea-groundwater source is piped via a multi-barreled pipeline system into an affected area having increased salinity. Some of the water will be used for desalination efforts, and as those are coming online, the water will be used to refill and stabilize the affected area. The system of the present invention also includes a return Brine-Line that conveys brine residuals from desalination and ongoing reclamation efforts responsibly and safely into the sea where it is diluted, blended and aerated in a deep water offshore array that utilizes tidal and persistent regional currents to ultimately convey the outfall into the ocean.

Provided are hybrid electrochemical and membrane-based systems for removing silica from water stream to achieve ultra-pure water. The silica concentration of a feed water stream may dictate the most effective and economical variation of disclosed hybrid processes to use. For example, for a feed water stream having a silica concentration of 1-30 ppm, a hybrid system for treating the feed water includes an electrodialysis reversal unit, the electrodialysis reversal unit comprising an inlet stream and a product outlet stream; a reverse osmosis unit, the reverse osmosis unit comprising an inlet stream and a product outlet stream, wherein the inlet stream of the reverse osmosis unit comprises the product outlet stream of the electrodialysis reversal unit; and an electrodeionization unit, the electrodeionization unit comprising an inlet stream and a product outlet stream, wherein the inlet stream of the electrodeionization unit comprises the product outlet stream of the reverse osmosis unit.

An advanced hydrodynamic cavitation system includes a housing, a first stator with angled ridges, a second stator that is circular with angled ridges, a rotor having rotor blades housed within the second stator, and a driveshaft, and is configured to work with a motor, a pump, and oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide or ozone to form free radicals. Hydrodynamic cavitation occurs (1) on the leading edge of the rotor blades; (2) in the constriction between the rotor blades, depending on the design; (3) in the gap between the first stator and the rotor blades; and (4) in the gap between the second stator and the rotor blades. The four cavitation regions may coalesce to become a steady-state supercavitation cloud that removes unwanted, toxic or contaminated organic and inorganic compounds, specifically with the ability to treat and decontaminate sludge, wastewater, ballast water, drinking water, harmful algal blooms, and biomedical waste.

An antiscalant composition, the composition having a silica inhibitor composition, and a dispersant composition. A method for inhibiting scale formation in a membrane system, the method providing an antiscalant composition, the antiscalant composition having a silica inhibitor and a dispersant, and adding the antiscalant composition to an aqueous stream of an aqueous system.

The present invention relates to a process and plant for treating feed water containing nitrate. The process includes, sorbing nitrate from the feed water onto an ion exchange resin to form a loaded resin and produce a treated water stream depleted in nitrate, regenerating the loaded resin so that the resin can be reused and produce a brine stream high in nitrate; and converting nitrate in the brine stream into molecular nitrogen gas with the assistance of a bioactive agent.

A switching system for an EDR water purifier has a first raw-water inlet end, a second raw-water inlet end, two four-way solenoid valves, an EDR membrane stack, a freshwater outlet end, and a wastewater outlet end. Each four-way solenoid valve has a first inlet end, a second inlet end, a first outlet end, and a second outlet end. The first inlet end of each four-way solenoid valve can communicate with one of the first outlet end and the second outlet end of the same four-way solenoid valve, and the second inlet end of the same four-way solenoid valve can communicate with the other one of the first outlet end and the second outlet end, to execute water-route switching. By switching two water routes passing through the EDR membrane stack, forming of limescale is alleviated, lifespan of the EDR membrane stack is extended, and water-purifying efficiency is improved.

Compositions and methods for inhibiting corrosion of metal surfaces are disclosed herein. Also disclosed are methods of manufacturing the corrosion inhibitors compositions. The corrosion inhibitor compositions include the reaction product of a dicarbonyl compound with thioglycolic acid. The compositions may include other components, such as a solvent, a hydrogen sulfide scavenger, or a biocide.

Disclosed herein is a forward osmosis module for concentration and/or crystallization salts from an aqueous feed solution, the feed solution including seeds that surround an open semi-permeable membrane having free membrane portions forming an enclosure with a distribution pipe that introduces draw solution inside said enclosure. The feed solution penetrates into the enclosure as permeate from the feed side of the membrane to the draw solution side according to a Forward Osmosis process based on net driving pressure. The draw solution with permeate is evacuated from the enclosure via an outlet. A generator applies, at least periodically, a plurality of directional gauge pressure strokes PGs, directed from at least one of the draw solution inlet and outlet thereby effecting mechanical shaking of the free membrane portions for detachment of foulant.

A desalination apparatus 12 (liquid treatment apparatus) includes a first water treatment unit 26 (liquid treatment unit) that includes a reverse osmosis membrane and in which a treated liquid is separated into a permeate that permeates the reverse osmosis membrane and a concentrate other than the permeate, a water recovery unit 28 (liquid recovery unit) that includes a reverse osmosis membrane and in which the concentrate is separated into a recovered liquid that permeates the reverse osmosis membrane and a waste liquid other than the recovered liquid, and a pressure increasing means that increases a liquid pressure of the concentrate, such that a state capable of separating into the recovered liquid and the waste liquid in the liquid recovery unit continues, and that directly feeds the concentrate from the liquid treatment unit to the liquid recovery unit.