A wastewater treatment device has: an ozone generator which supplies ozone; a mixer which mixes ozone supplied from the ozone generator with wastewater and supplies ozone mixed wastewater; an ozone oxidation unit which progresses ozone oxidation in the ozone mixed wastewater while passing the ozone mixed wastewater therethrough and discharges wastewater in which the ozone has been consumed; a biological treatment unit which performs biological treatment on the wastewater discharged from the ozone oxidation unit using microorganisms; and an adjusting device which adjusts the amount of ozone to be mixed with the wastewater by the mixer so that ozone in an amount that inhibits the microorganisms of the biological treatment unit does not remain in the wastewater discharged from the ozone oxidation unit.

An anaerobic digestion system may include a material grinding/pulping portion, a hydrolysis portion arranged downstream of the grinding portion, a multiple chamber anaerobic reactor arranged downstream from the hydrolysis portion and including a gas collection and reintroduction system, a collection system for collecting digestate and gas from the anaerobic reactor.

Provided is a cell wall or cell membrane disrupting device whereby cell walls and/or cell membranes of microorganisms, algae and the like contained in organic sludge and the like are disrupted, the device comprising a fixed disc, a rotating disc, a rotating shaft for driving of the rotating disc, a pressure reducing means and a housing, wherein at least one pair of the fixed disc and rotating disc are disposed facing each other, the center section of the fixed disc has a hollow section that is larger than the outer diameter of the rotating shaft passing through the center section, shearing force generated between the rotating disc and the fixed disc is applied to a target fluid having a water content of 89% or higher that has been loaded into the device, and the pressure inside the cell wall or cell membrane disrupting device is reduced to no greater than −0.08 MPa by the pressure reducing means. The device can contribute to increasing biogas, reducing sludge, culturing of algae, plant cultivation and culturing of marine products, and also to separation of CH.sub.4 and CO.sub.2, for example, as resources.

A micro-bubble generating system according to an embodiment of the present invention may include an electrolytic bath configured to generate primary micro-bubbles; a water supply hose which is connected to an outlet end of the electrolytic bath; and a micro-bubble generating device which is connected to the outlet end of the water supply hose to generate secondary micro-bubbles having a smaller diameter than the primary micro-bubbles.

Ion removing system includes primary-side ion removing apparatus that includes primary-side hard water storage part storing hard water and primary-side fine bubble generating part generating and supplying fine bubbles to primary-side hard water storage part and that causes fine bubbles to adsorb first metal ions in hard water in primary-side hard water storage part to remove first metal ions from hard water, secondary-side pH adjustment apparatus increasing pH of hard water from which first metal ions are removed by primary-side ion removing apparatus, and secondary-side ion removing apparatus that includes secondary-side hard water storage part storing hard water having pH increased by secondary-side pH adjustment apparatus and secondary-side fine bubble generating part generating and supplying fine bubbles to secondary-side hard water storage part and that causes fine bubbles to adsorb second metal ions in hard water in secondary-side hard water storage part to remove second metal ions from hard water.

A method and apparatus for wastewater treatment using ultrafine bubbles, wherein bubbles of 200 nm or less are contacted with a wastewater volume in continuous flow conditions by means of an ultrafine bubble generator, a source of oxygen, a tank, a first and a second pump, a pipe system and connectors, the connectors being configured such that continuous flow conditions are maintained in the pipe system.

Some embodiments are directed to a process for forming products from animal waste (e.g., poultry litter). The products may include a controlled release fertilizer and renewable natural gas. The process may include providing a feedstock comprising greater than about 80 percent poultry waste and a moisture content of about 25 percent. The feedstock may be diluted to form a slurry having a moisture content of about 90%. The slurry may be mechanically refined to reduce the particle size distribution and the average particle size of the slurry. The slurry may be anaerobically digested to produce biogas and a digestate. The biogas may be converted to renewable natural gas, and the digestate may be converted to a controlled release fertilizer. Additionally, some embodiments are directed to methods of reducing nitrogen emission from soil amendments. Some embodiments are directed to reducing nitrogen emissions sufficient to produce emissions offset credits.

Methods and systems for calcining dewatered tailings and/or mine waste are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the method comprises (i) processing dewatered tailings comprising clay minerals, (ii) calcining the processed tailings to produced calcined tailings, and (iii) altering a composition and/or one or more characteristics of the calcined tailings to produce a cementitious product. Altering the composition can include blending the calcined tailings with one or more additives, such as lime, dolomitic lime, lime kiln dust, argillaceous limestone, limestone, pulverized quicklime, ground calcium carbonate, quicklime, gypsum, natural pozzolans, artificial pozzolans, water, flow aids, or the like.

A method and system for use therein for providing O.sub.2 and H.sub.2 gases directly to the soil proximal to the roots of plants, to harvested produce of plants, and to animals drinking supply via electrolysis is described. The method employs at least one electrolyzer disposed adjacent to, or inline with, the irrigation waterline of the plant grow operation or to the water supply waterline of the animals to facilitate the introduction of the gases to the soil or animals. A power source is used to provide the electrolytic conversion, and gases remain in a micro-bubbled form to flow through the waterline more easily to the plants where they are needed the most. A venturi may be used to channel the dissolved gases in the waterline from the electrolyzer in embodiments having an external unit. The preferred inline embodiment electrolyzes the water without need of a venturi to reintroduce the gases to the waterline.

A process of producing hydrogen water includes the steps of: providing a source of spring water; cooling the water to a temperature of from 33 to 38 degrees F.; providing a source of hydrogen gas; contacting the cooled water with the hydrogen gas in a venturi injector forming micro-sized hydrogen bubbles in the water and diffusing hydrogen gas into the cooled water; recirculating the water through the venturi injector until a predetermined hydrogen content in the water is realized forming hydrogen water having a hydrogen content of from 3 to 10 parts per million.