A sanitizing photocatalytic reactor suitable for air liquid or liquid fluids includes a reaction region containing a photocatalyst selected from nanotechnological materials of natural light photocatalyst type, which is supported on an inert support or mixed with a plastic material, and an illumination region having white color LED lights, the reaction region further having one or more channels through which the fluids to be sanitized flow.

Provided are a method and an apparatus for producing pure water in which water that has been subjected to an ultraviolet oxidation treatment performed with an ultraviolet oxidation device is brought into contact with a platinum-group metal catalyst, the method and apparatus eliminating the likelihood of the catalyst being degraded and enabling decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to be performed for a prolonged period of time in a consistent manner. Water-to-be-treated is subjected to an ultraviolet oxidation treatment performed with an ultraviolet oxidation device and subsequently subjected to a hydrogen peroxide removal treatment performed with a hydrogen peroxide removal device including a platinum-group metal catalyst. The TOC concentration in water fed to the ultraviolet oxidation device is 5 ppb or less. An anion exchange resin tower is installed in a stage following the ultraviolet oxidation device.

The systems and methods for wastewater treatment comprise a porous substrate with photocatalytic material(s), and optionally electrocatalytic material(s), for generation of hydroxyl radicals that decompose contaminants in wastewater. The systems and methods intentionally facilitate the photocatalytic and/or electrocatalytic generation of oxygen bubbles, which facilitate an increase in concentration of hydroxyl radicals and shrink the liquid layer of wastewater at photocatalytic and/or electrocatalytic surfaces where hydroxyl radicals are generated in order to decrease quenching of hydroxyl radicals and simultaneously increase utilization or efficiency of the hydroxyl radicals for decomposition of contaminants. In embodiments, the systems and methods prolong hydroxyl radical lifetime and enhance water treatment performance for residential, commercial, municipal, medical, and/or industrial applications. In embodiments, oxygen bubbles generated on surfaces are compressed into pores or microchannels where they store generated hydroxyl radicals to prolong their lifetime in the gas phase and exchange hydroxyl radicals with the adjacent liquid layer.

The invention discloses a loaded multifunctional catalysis composite material, a preparation method thereof and an application of the composite material to catalytic removal of water pollutants. The preparation method includes the steps: preparing a zinc oxide nano-sheet loaded nickel foam (Ni@ZnO) composite material by an electro-deposition method; compounding molybdenum disulfide micro-nano particles on ZnO porous nano-sheets by an electro-deposition method to obtain Ni@ZnO/MoS.sub.2. The composite material Ni@ZnO/MoS.sub.2 combines the advantages of components such as nickel foam, the zinc oxide nano-sheets and molybdenum disulfide from the point of material performances, high catalytic degradation activity and recycled performances are achieved, photo-catalysis and electro-catalysis are combined from the point of material application, and the catalytic activity of the composite material is improved by the aid of synergistic effects of photo-catalysis and electro-catalysis.

A water treatment system with a photocatalytic nanocomposite sheet, an adsorbent layer, and a fibrous filter, wherein the photocatalytic nanocomposite sheet comprises polymethylmethacrylate and silver phosphate, the adsorbent layer comprises plasma activated carbon nanotubes, and the fibrous filter is a composite of polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer fibers, with carbon nanotubes that are dispersed within the polymer fibers and silver nanoparticles that are deposited on the polymer fibers. Various embodiments of the water treatment system and methods of fabricating the photocatalytic nanocomposite sheet, the adsorbent layer, and the fibrous filter are also provided.

In one aspect, a material structure is disclosed, which includes a macroscopic porous substrate configured to receive a flow of a medium for passage of at least a portion thereof through the porous substrate. At least one porous coating is disposed on at least a portion of an inner surface of the porous substrate, wherein the porous coating comprises a matrix having a plurality of interconnected passages. The porous substrate and the coating are configured to treat at least one contaminant, if any, present in the flowing medium.

A preparation method of a two-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon-based titanium dioxide composite material includes: (1) etching Ti.sub.3AlC.sub.2 with LiF/HCl to prepare two-dimensional transition metal carbide nanosheet; (2) preparing a nanosheet aggregate by electrostatic self-assembly of a two-dimensional transition metal carbide nanosheet and a positively charged nitrogen-containing cationic compound; (3) calcining the nanosheet aggregates to prepare a two-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon-based titanium dioxide composite material. A method for degrading and removing organic pollutants in water includes (1) etching Ti.sub.3AlC.sub.2 with LiF/HCl to prepare two-dimensional transition metal carbide nanosheet; (2) preparing a nanosheet aggregate by electrostatic self-assembly of a two-dimensional transition metal carbide nanosheet and a positively charged nitrogen-containing cationic compound; (3) calcining the nanosheet aggregates to prepare a two-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon-based titanium dioxide composite material; (4) placing the two-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon-based titanium dioxide composite material into water containing organic pollutants to degrade and remove organic pollutants in water.

Leachate remediation is performed by synergistic chemical oxidation and photocatalytic-oxidation enhancer system (SCOPES) of municipal landfill leachate to a level that is safe for disposal within regulatory guidelines. The physico-chemical (chemical, spectroscopic, elemental, microstructural and thermal) characteristics of the pre- and post-treated landfill leachate have been investigated to examine the utility of advanced oxidation (AO) processes such as SCOPES to decontaminate the municipal landfill leachate and/or toxic organic wastewater. The experimental results demonstrated successful lowering of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and UV-Vis absorbance for constituent contaminants in the leachate and/or wastewater solutions.

A method of synthesizing a doped carbonaceous material includes mixing a carbon precursor material with at least one dopant to form a homogeneous/heterogeneous mixture; and subjecting the mixture to pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere to obtain the doped carbonaceous material. A method of purifying water includes providing an amount of the doped carbonaceous material in the water as a photocatalyst; and illuminating the water containing the doped carbonaceous material with visible light such that under visible light illumination, the doped carbonaceous material generates excitons (electron-hole pairs) and has high electron affinity, which react with oxygen and water adsorbed on its surface forming reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, that, in turn, decompose pollutants and micropollutants.

A point-of-use (POU) water filtration device has a container. A plurality of channels is formed within the container, water entering the container flowing through the plurality of channels. A plurality of Ultraviolet (UV) Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) is provided. Each of the plurality of UV LEDs illuminating UV light down an associated channel of the plurality of channels.