A universal, scalable, solvent-free, one-step method for thermal annealing a stainless steel membrane to create a superhydrophilic surface. The superhydrophilic membrane itself, and methods for using it to separate oil and water in an oil and water mixture or for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and other organic contaminants.

A composite nanomaterial of ZnO impregnated by, e.g., a green copper phthalocyanine compound (CuPc) can be an efficient solar light photocatalyst for water remediation. The composite may include hollow shell microspheres and hollow nanospheres of CuPc-ZnO. CuPc may function as a templating and/or structure modifying agent, e.g., for forming hollow microspheres and/or nanospheres of ZnO particles. The composite can photocatalyze the degradation of organic pollutants such as crystal violet (CV) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid as well as microbes in water under solar light irradiation. The ZnO—CuPc composite can be stable and recyclable under solar irradiation.

A photocatalytic material for efficient photocatalytic removal of a high-concentration nitrate, and a preparation method and use thereof are disclosed. The preparation method includes the following steps: step 1: preparation of a citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticle; step 2: synthesis and functionalization modification of SiO.sub.2 step 3: preparation of Ag/SiO.sub.2; and step 4: preparation of an Ag/SiO.sub.2@cTiO.sub.2 core-shell structure. The photocatalytic material prepared by the present disclosure has high reduction catalytic activity and can quickly remove a high-concentration nitrate and achieve high nitrogen selectivity. In addition, due to protection of a titanium dioxide shell, the photocatalytic material has excellent stability and can remove a high-concentration nitrate in water when the nitrate coexists with a high-concentration chloride ion.

A composite nanomaterial of ZnO impregnated by, e.g., a green copper phthalocyanine compound (CuPc) can be an efficient solar light photocatalyst for water remediation. The composite may include hollow shell microspheres and hollow nanospheres of CuPc-ZnO. CuPc may function as a templating and/or structure modifying agent, e.g., for forming hollow microspheres and/or nanospheres of ZnO particles. The composite can photocatalyze the degradation of organic pollutants such as crystal violet (CV) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid as well as microbes in water under solar light irradiation. The ZnO—CuPc composite can be stable and recyclable under solar irradiation.

Provided herein are multilayered, multidimensional upconversion nanomaterial compositions and methods. In certain aspects and embodiments, the compositions and methods are useful in the photolytic degradation of a phenolic pollutant (e.g., phenol).

An organic wastewater treatment method based on a multi-element co-doping TiO.sub.2 nano photocatalytic material includes preparing a sulfur-titanium dioxide mixture, hydrothermally reacting the sulfur-titanium dioxide mixture with copper chloride, ammonia, strong alkali, a transition metal salt and the like, reacting the resulting reaction product with hydrofluoric acid, then performing temperature programming thermal treatment in air to obtain the multi-element co-doping TiO.sub.2 nano photocatalytic material, and then treating organic wastewater with the multi-element co-doping TiO.sub.2 nano photocatalytic material under the irradiation of visible light. The organic wastewater treatment method is efficient and rapid, safe and environmental-friendly, can thoroughly degrade many types of organic pollutants, ammonia nitrogen and the like, and does not cause secondary pollution; furthermore, the adopted multi-element co-doping TiO.sub.2 nano photocatalytic material can be regenerated and recycled only by simple calcination, and the cost is inexpensive.

Materials for binding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are disclosed. A fluidic device comprising the materials for detection and quantification of PFAS in a sample is disclosed. The fluidic device may be configured for multiplexed analyses. Also disclosed are methods for sorbing and remediating PFAS in a sample. The sample may be groundwater containing, or suspected of containing, one or more PFAS.

Provided herein is a disinfection device for drainage system comprising: a housing comprising a chamber and a top end, the chamber having a body and a reducing part, the reducing part including a first opening at the bottom end of the chamber and a floating body configured to seal the first opening at the bottom end; a spiral guiding channel having an inlet and an outlet, the spiral guiding channel connected to the chamber through the outlet; an exhaust conduit having an expandable part at one end of the exhaust conduit, the exhaust conduit connecting to the top end of the housing and partially extending through the body of the chamber; and a disinfection part equipped in the interior of the disinfection device so as to remove air contaminants when air passing through the chamber from the spiral guiding channel to the exhaust conduit.

The invention provides a titanium carbide nanosheet/layered indium sulfide heterojunction and an application of the same in degrading and removing water pollutants. A simple electrostatic self-assembly method is used to uniformly absorb indium ions on the surfaces of Ti.sub.3C.sub.2 nanosheets, which effectively inhibits the stacking of the nanosheets and is beneficial to the uniform growth of In.sub.2S.sub.3 nanosheets on the surfaces of the Ti.sub.3C.sub.2. The present invent overcomes two disadvantages of too fast photogenerated carrier recombination rate of In.sub.2S.sub.3 and easy agglomeration of nano-scale In.sub.2S.sub.3, and effectively improves the separation efficiency and photocatalytic activity of photogenerated electron-hole of In.sub.2S.sub.3.

Methods of treating CMP wastewater comprising azoles are disclosed. The method includes providing the wastewater having a first azole concentration, introducing the wastewater to an inlet of a wastewater treatment system constructed and arranged to produce and introduce free radicals into the wastewater, and activating the wastewater treatment system to produce and introduce the free radicals into the wastewater in an amount sufficient to reduce the azole concentration in the wastewater and produce treated water having a second azole concentration, less than the first azole concentration. Methods of facilitating treatment of CMP wastewater comprising azoles by providing a water treatment system constructed and arranged to produce and introduce free radicals into the wastewater are disclosed.