This invention effectively suppresses the corrosion fatigue of a boiler evaporation tube that is associated with repeated stress attributed to the presence of a corrosive environment and scales. This method for suppressing corrosion fatigue of a boiler evaporation tube includes maintaining the dissolved oxygen concentration of the boiler water at 1.0 mg/L or less. Preferably deionized water is used for the boiler water and a scale dispersant is present in the boiler water.

A method of sanitising a body of water including the steps of adding sodium chlorite and/or sodium chlorate to the body of water and converting the sodium chlorite and/or sodium chlorate to chlorine dioxide in an electrolysis cell which is in fluid communication with a water circulation system of the body of water.

A system including a tube for transferring fluid, a fiber optic cable that extends through an interior of the tube, and a light source configured to project high intensity narrow spectrum light into the fiber optic cable.

This specification describes membrane based filtration and softening systems and methods. A system has a microfiltration or ultrafiltration (MF/UF) membrane unit upstream of a nanofiltration or reverse osmosis (NF/RO) membrane unit, optionally with no intermediate tank. In some cases, the system and method may be used with feed water provided at municipal line pressure to the membranes. NF/RO permeate is collected in a tank and then pumped to a header. Treated water may be drawn from the header for use or recycled to the system, for example to backwash or flush one or both of the membrane units. In a combined process, NF/RO permeate flushes the feed side of the NF/RO unit and then backwashes the MF/UF unit. In another process, the MF/UF unit and NF/RO unit are filled with NF/RO permeate before being placed in a standby mode.

A method of sanitising a body of water including the steps of adding sodium chlorite and/or sodium chlorate to the body of water and converting the sodium chlorite and/or sodium chlorate to chlorine dioxide in an electrolysis cell which is in fluid communication with a water circulation system of the body of water, wherein chlorine is also added to the body of water.

Disclosed is a water treatment apparatus including a pipe. Elements disposed in the pipe are respectively made of lead-free brass and nontoxic ultra high molecular weight polyethylene instead of brass and plastic polyethylene that are conventionally used materials. Therefore, when the elements come into contact with water, neither heavy metals, such as lead (Pb), nor organic and inorganic substances harmful to the human body are produced.

A cartridge for use in a water purification apparatus and a water purification method for maintaining a water quality supply are provided. The cartridge comprises an elongated tubular body having first and second ends comprising a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, and an internal chamber extending between the first and second end. The first end includes an end cap having a first opening in fluid communication with the body. A disinfectant material is disposed in the internal chamber of the body. Filters are disposed in the elongated tubular body adjacent to the first opening and adjacent the second end of the elongated tubular body and are in fluid communication with the internal chamber and the fluid outlet. The second end of the elongated tubular body comprising an exterior surface having a tapered portion and a linear portion adjacent to the tapered portion.

The present invention relates to water treatment. In one example, there is provided a method of treating an aqueous system to inhibit growth of one or more micro-organisms therein and/or to reduce the number of live micro-organisms therein. The method includes adding treatment agents to an aqueous system wherein said treatment agents include: (a) a phosphonium compound; and (b) a compound having formula:

M(XO.sub.2).sub.n wherein: M is a Group I or Group II metal; X is a halogen; and n is 1 or 2.

The invention is configured for water-supply and comprises the vertically oriented hydraulic accumulator; the inlet and outlet connections; the connected to the hydraulic accumulator filter with the removable cartridge, located in the casing; the hydraulic accumulator is made in the suspended manner and equipped with the commutator with a flange for the attachment to the hydraulic accumulator, located in its lower part; the commutator is made with the channels, connected with the inlet and outlet connections, and with the holes for the controlling and regulating equipment attachment; and the filter casing is installed on the thread at the commutator. The technical effect—the size is reduced and the structure of the device is simplified due to minimizing the number of transition and connecting parts, while simultaneous improving the conditions for the monitor and control of water supply modes from one work place—from the commutator, which is the set of equipment for the device control automation in general.

As a measure of water integrity in water treatment and distribution systems, stabilized hydrogen peroxide is used as the secondary disinfectant. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide is monitored throughout the system and, if needed, additional hydrogen peroxide is injected into the system to maintain the level at established standard. An apparatus and method for measuring hydrogen peroxide concentration in water to an accuracy of 0.1 mg/L within water treatment and distribution systems comprises a colorimetric assay method to determine hydrogen peroxide concentration. The assay is monitored spectophotometrically at a desired wavelength. Each sample is corrected relative to a control sample and hydrogen peroxide concentration determined with respect to a standard curve.