A system and method for monitoring or detecting a level of biofilm growth in a fluid system and controlling operating parameters of the fluid system based a measured level of growth. The monitoring system and method comprises a dye injection system for periodically injecting dye into a portion of fluid from the fluid system, passing the portion of fluid though a narrow lumen tube to achieve laminar flow and using a light source and optical sensor to detect a transmission or emission indicating a level of biofilm growth in the tube corresponding to a level of growth on components in the fluid system. Information based upon the measurements or calculations made by the monitoring system may be used to manually or automatically alter various operating parameters to control the fluid system and aid in maintaining stable operation of the fluid system within preferred specifications.

A low-cost structure is for the containment of high clarity water. The structure allows for the purification of water that is used for direct contact recreational purposes.

A water sediment filter assembly includes a screen member and a drain port which permits the removal of collected debris. The water sediment filter assembly includes a valve member which can be moved to different positions to permit the draining of collected sediment through the drain port.

A method and system for use therein for providing O.sub.2 and H.sub.2 gases directly to the soil proximal to the roots of plants, to harvested produce of plants, and to animals drinking supply via electrolysis is described. The method employs at least one electrolyzer disposed adjacent to, or inline with, the irrigation waterline of the plant grow operation or to the water supply waterline of the animals to facilitate the introduction of the gases to the soil or animals. A power source is used to provide the electrolytic conversion, and gases remain in a micro-bubbled form to flow through the waterline more easily to the plants where they are needed the most. A venturi may be used to channel the dissolved gases in the waterline from the electrolyzer in embodiments having an external unit. The preferred inline embodiment electrolyzes the water without need of a venturi to reintroduce the gases to the waterline.

A method of operating a public utility facility includes receiving a commodity at a processing facility communicably coupled to a control system that includes primary electrical components configured to operate the processing facility, and transitioning operation of the processing facility to an electromagnetic pulse mitigation module communicably coupled to the processing facility via a fiber optic line when the primary electrical components are rendered inoperable. The electromagnetic pulse mitigation module comprises a continuous conductive enclosure that is impervious to radiated and coupled electromagnetic energy. Operation of the primary electrical components is then assumed with one or more backup electrical components housed within the electromagnetic pulse mitigation module.

A method and apparatus for controlling the production of a haloamine biocide based on direct, in-process, measurement of the oxidant content to produce a desired haloamine biocide for the control of growth of microorganisms in aqueous systems, particularly in industrial water systems, is provided.

A system and method for controlling microbiological growth in a water system and premise plumbing system which uses stabilized hydrogen peroxide as a disinfectant and maintains water energy matrix control. Maintenance of stable hydrogen peroxide residual in the system in combination with active temperature monitoring enables better control of the water energy matrix and reduction of hot water temperature while maintaining microbiological control.

A water purifier is provided. The water purifier includes a raw water flow path provided to introduce raw water from an outside, a clean water flow path connected to the raw water flow path, pre-treatment filters arranged in parallel on the clean water flow path to filter the raw water, and a water purifying filter arranged on the clean water flow path to receive clean water discharged from the pre-treatment filters.

A water hygiene improving system and method are provided which may include and utilize one or more water hygiene improving devices which may be coupled to a building water supply network at any number of locations so that water passing through each water hygiene improving device is returned to the building water supply network. The water hygiene improving device may include one or more membrane filtration systems and optionally one or more bioreactors. The system and method include a new and innovative approach for surviving or improving water hygiene within the whole water supply network of new or existing buildings, for prevention of their contamination with Legionella or other pathogens, general limitation of biofilm growth and their negative effects on water hygiene, also at point of use (POU), and water distribution within new or existing buildings by limitation of incoming nutrients, bacteria and other microorganisms at point of entry (POE) of buildings or at other locations of the water supply network within the building.

A method for providing a warning of the risk of Legionella in a fluid conductor, the method including determining the percentage of a duration a fluid is disposed in the fluid conductor at a temperature in which Legionella can thrive during a period, wherein if the percentage of the duration is greater than about 50% of the period, a first indication of a risk of Legionella is raised.