Systems and methods for texturing substrates (e.g., glass, metal, and the like) and the textured substrates produced using such systems and methods are disclosed. An exemplary textured substrate includes a surface having a portion with a root-mean-square roughness between 40 to 1000 microns and an autocorrelation function greater than 0.5 for distances less than 50 microns. An exemplary system for texturing a substrate includes a plunger with a textured surface, where a portion of the textured surface has a root-mean-square roughness between 40 to 1000 microns and an autocorrelation function greater than 0.5 for distances less than 50 microns. An exemplary method for texturing a substrate includes the steps of generating a pattern defining a texture, and 3-D printing the pattern on the substrate to form the texture.

Systems and methods for texturing substrates (e.g., glass, metal, and the like) and the textured substrates produced using such systems and methods are disclosed. An exemplary textured substrate includes a surface having a portion with a root-mean-square roughness between 40 to 1000 microns and an autocorrelation function greater than 0.5 for distances less than 50 microns. An exemplary system for texturing a substrate includes a plunger with a textured surface, where a portion of the textured surface has a root-mean-square roughness between 40 to 1000 microns and an autocorrelation function greater than 0.5 for distances less than 50 microns. An exemplary method for texturing a substrate includes the steps of generating a pattern defining a texture, and 3-D printing the pattern on the substrate to form the texture.

A transparent sheet includes a texture in relief on a first of its main faces, such that, if n is the refractive index of the material including the texture, P.sub.m is the mean slope in degrees of the textured face and Y(q) is the percentage of the textured surface with a slope greater than q/(n1) in degrees, then the two cumulative conditions exist: Y(q)>3%+f(q) %*P.sub.m*(n1) and Y(q)>10%, with f(q)=24(3*q) and q=2 or 3.

A transparent sheet includes a texture in relief on a first of its main faces, such that, if n is the refractive index of the material including the texture, P.sub.m is the mean slope in degrees of the textured face and Y(q) is the percentage of the textured surface with a slope greater than q/(n1) in degrees, then the two cumulative conditions exist: Y(q)>3%+f(q) %*P.sub.m*(n1) and Y(q)>10%, with f(q)=24(3*q) and q=2 or 3.

A glass substrate molding method includes: preparing a rotatable or wheelable molding die having a die surface and contacting the die surface with one of a pair of principal surfaces of a glass substrate made of a glass material containing an alkali metal oxide, the die having conductivity; keeping the one of principal surfaces contacted with the die surface at a temperature over 100 C. and equal to or lower than Tg+50 C.; applying direct-current voltage to the substrate to be higher voltage on the contacted one of principal surfaces than voltage on an opposite surface of the contacted one of principal surfaces; and rotating or wheeling the die and simultaneously moving the die or the substrate in a direction parallel to the contacted one of principal surfaces in conformity with rotation or wheeling speed of the die, to mold the contacted one of principal surfaces of the substrate.

A glass substrate molding method includes: preparing a rotatable or wheelable molding die having a die surface and contacting the die surface with one of a pair of principal surfaces of a glass substrate made of a glass material containing an alkali metal oxide, the die having conductivity; keeping the one of principal surfaces contacted with the die surface at a temperature over 100 C. and equal to or lower than Tg+50 C.; applying direct-current voltage to the substrate to be higher voltage on the contacted one of principal surfaces than voltage on an opposite surface of the contacted one of principal surfaces; and rotating or wheeling the die and simultaneously moving the die or the substrate in a direction parallel to the contacted one of principal surfaces in conformity with rotation or wheeling speed of the die, to mold the contacted one of principal surfaces of the substrate.

A transparent sheet includes a texture in relief on a first of its main faces, such that, if n is the refractive index of the material including the texture, P.sub.m is the mean slope in degrees of the textured face and Y(q) is the percentage of the textured surface with a slope greater than q/(n1) in degrees, then the two cumulative conditions exist: Y(q)>3%+f(q)%.P.sub.m.(n1) and Y(q)>10%, with f(q)=24(3.q) and q=2 or 3.

A transparent sheet includes a texture in relief on a first of its main faces, such that, if n is the refractive index of the material including the texture, P.sub.m is the mean slope in degrees of the textured face and Y(q) is the percentage of the textured surface with a slope greater than q/(n1) in degrees, then the two cumulative conditions exist: Y(q)>3%+f(q)%.P.sub.m.(n1) and Y(q)>10%, with f(q)=24(3.q) and q=2 or 3.

A method of manufacturing a transparent pane, in particular a glass pane, which includes on at least one of its main surfaces a surface structure including an assembly of specified individual motifs in relief, in particular pyramids, cones, or truncated cones, created by embossing or by rolling. A structure is created on the surface of the pane constituted by individual motifs, based on one or more basic motifs but which are distinguished from each other by their depth, their height, and/or the perimeter of their base area, and/or by the position of their peak with respect to their base. With this variation, formation of intensity peaks of the reflected light is prevented and at the same time a high quality of light trapping is obtained by panes suitable, for example, for solar applications.

Systems and methods for texturing substrates (e.g., glass, metal, and the like) and the textured substrates produced using such systems and methods are disclosed. An exemplary system for texturing a substrate includes a first roller and a second roller. The first roller has a first textured surface. The first textured surface has a root mean square roughness between 40 to 1000 microns and an autocorrelation function greater than 0.5 for distances less than 50 microns.