Processes and methods for preparing glass panels for use with automobiles include mixing and melting glass particles. Molten glass is passed along into a lehr, where the molten glass is annealed. Annealed glass is cut into glass panels. A nozzle systems delivers compressed air to the glass panels to form a curvature for providing a top seal contact area. A nozzle system delivers a second blast of compressed air, which marks the glass panel to identify characteristics of the glass panel.

A method for producing a high silicate glass substrate, includes: (1) obtaining a glass precursor containing, as represented by mol % based on oxides, 60% to 75% of SiO.sub.2, 0% to 15% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 15% to 30% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 0% to 3% of P.sub.2O.sub.5, and 1% to 10% in total of at least one selected from R.sub.2O and R′O; (2) applying first heat treatment to the glass precursor to cause phase separation so as to obtain a phase-separated glass; (3) applying acid treatment to the phase-separated glass to make the phase-separated glass porous so as to obtain a porous glass; (4) drying the porous glass so that a rate of change in mass reaches 10% to 50%; and (5) applying second heat treatment to the porous glass to sinter the porous glass so as to obtain a high silicate glass substrate.

The present invention provides a glass composition having a low density and having a specific elastic modulus high enough to reduce deflection. The glass composition includes, as components, in mol %: 60 to 75% SiO.sub.2; 5 to 15% Al.sub.2O.sub.3; 0.5 to 5% MgO; 0.5 to 10% CaO; 5 to 20% Li.sub.2O; 2 to 10% Na.sub.2O; and 0 to 5% K.sub.2O, and has a density of 2.48 g/cm.sup.3 or less. The glass composition has a specific elastic modulus of, for example, 33.5×10.sup.6 Nm/kg or more.

Concrete may be melted to form a glass product. Methods and batch compositions including concrete may be used to produce amorphous silica materials including, but not limited to, glass, container glass, fiber glass, glass bead, glass spheres, sheet or plate glass, glass aggregate, glass sand, abrasives, proppants, foamed glass, and manufactured glass articles. The initial processing steps include preparing a melt batch comprising concrete and, optionally, other components, melting the melt batch, and cooling the melted melt batch. Further processing steps may be utilized to produce the glass article.

Concrete may be melted to form a glass product. Methods and batch compositions including concrete may be used to produce amorphous silica materials including, but not limited to, glass, container glass, fiber glass, glass bead, glass spheres, sheet or plate glass, glass aggregate, glass sand, abrasives, proppants, foamed glass, and manufactured glass articles. The initial processing steps include preparing a melt batch comprising concrete and, optionally, other components, melting the melt batch, and cooling the melted melt batch. Further processing steps may be utilized to produce the glass article.

A thin glass substrate, as well as a method and an apparatus are provided. The glass substrate has a glass having first and second main surfaces and elongated elevations on one of the main surfaces. The elevations rise in a normal direction, have a longitudinal extent that is greater than two times a transverse extent, and have a height, on average, that is less than 100 nm, and with a transverse extent of the elevation smaller than 40 mm. The method includes melting a glass, hot forming the glass, and adjusting a viscosity of the glass so that for the viscosity η1 for a first stretch over a first distance of up to 1.5 m downstream of a flow rate control component and y1 indicating a second distance to a location immediately downstream the flow rate control component the equation lg η1(y1)/dPa.Math.s=(lg η01/dPa.Math.s+a1(y1)) applies.

A thin glass substrate, as well as a method and an apparatus are provided. The glass substrate has a glass having first and second main surfaces and elongated elevations on one of the main surfaces. The elevations rise in a normal direction, have a longitudinal extent that is greater than two times a transverse extent, and have a height, on average, that is less than 100 nm, and with a transverse extent of the elevation smaller than 40 mm. The method includes melting a glass, hot forming the glass, and adjusting a viscosity of the glass so that for the viscosity η1 for a first stretch over a first distance of up to 1.5 m downstream of a flow rate control component and y1 indicating a second distance to a location immediately downstream the flow rate control component the equation lg η1(y1)/dPa.Math.s=(lg η01/dPa.Math.s+a1(y1)) applies.

A glass has a basic soda-lime-silica glass portion, and a colorant portion including total iron as Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 selected from the group of total iron as Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 in the range of greater than zero to 0.02 weight percent; total iron as Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 in the range of greater than 0.02 weight percent to less than 0.10 weight percent and total iron as Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 in the range of 0.10 to 2.00 weight percent; redox ratio in the range of 0.2 to 0.8, and tin and/or fin compounds, e.g. SnO.sub.2 greater than 0.000 to 5.0 weight percent. In one embodiment of the invention, the glass has a fin side and an opposite air side, wherein the tin side of the glass is supported on a molten fin bath during forming of the glass. The tin concentration at the tin side of the glass is greater than, less than, or equal to the fin concentration hi “body portion” of the glass. The “body portion” of the glass extending from the air side of the glass toward the fin side and terminating short of the tin side of the glass.

A glass has a basic soda-lime-silica glass portion, and a colorant portion including total iron as Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 selected from the group of total iron as Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 in the range of greater than zero to 0.02 weight percent; total iron as Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 in the range of greater than 0.02 weight percent to less than 0.10 weight percent and total iron as Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 in the range of 0.10 to 2.00 weight percent; redox ratio in the range of 0.2 to 0.8, and tin and/or fin compounds, e.g. SnO.sub.2 greater than 0.000 to 5.0 weight percent. In one embodiment of the invention, the glass has a fin side and an opposite air side, wherein the tin side of the glass is supported on a molten fin bath during forming of the glass. The tin concentration at the tin side of the glass is greater than, less than, or equal to the fin concentration hi “body portion” of the glass. The “body portion” of the glass extending from the air side of the glass toward the fin side and terminating short of the tin side of the glass.

A manufacturing method of a glass panel for a glass panel unit includes a melting step, a spreading step, an annealing step, a cutting step, and a spacer disposition step. The spacer disposition step is a step of disposing spacers onto a glass sheet and is performed by a spacer disposition device prior to the cutting step.