A tube filter for smoking a smokable substance that includes a receiving section having a receiving chamber dimensioned to receive the substance, a smoke section having a smoke chamber to output smoke produced while the substance is ignited, wherein the smoke section has a first open end into the smoke chamber and the receiving section has a second open end into the receiving chamber that is opposite to the first end, and first, second, and third indentations that are disposed between the two chambers, wherein a portion of the first indentation and a first portion of the second indentation are disposed within a first cross-section of the filter and a portion of the third indentation and a second portion of the second indentation are disposed within a second cross-section of the filter, and the third indentation is entirely disposed above the first indentation along the center longitudinal axis.

A method of making a glass sheet comprises laminating a high CTE core glass to a low CTE clad glass at high temperatures and allowing the laminate to cool creating compressive stress in the clad glass, and then ion exchanging the laminate to increase the compressive stress in the outer near surface regions of the clad glass. The core glass may include ions that exchange with ion in the clad glass to increase the compressive stress in inner surface regions of the clad glass adjacent to the clad glass/core glass interfaces. The glass laminate may be formed and laminated using a fusion forming and laminating process and fusion formable and ion exchangeable glass compositions.

There is provided a means which carries out a fire-blast treating effectively upon removing a deteriorated region caused by processing in a process of producing a glass vessel. In a process of producing a glass vessel by fire-blast treating an internal surface 10 of a preform of the glass vessel with a flame from a burner 30 so as to produce the glass vessel, said fire-blast treating is carried out such that a temperature of an outer surface portion of the preform which portion is opposed to the deteriorated region caused by processing is between 650° C. and 800° C. when the flame is scanned along the internal surface of the preform toward an opening of the preform.

There is provided a means which carries out a fire-blast treating effectively upon removing a deteriorated region caused by processing in a process of producing a glass vessel. In a process of producing a glass vessel by fire-blast treating an internal surface 10 of a preform of the glass vessel with a flame from a burner 30 so as to produce the glass vessel, said fire-blast treating is carried out such that a temperature of an outer surface portion of the preform which portion is opposed to the deteriorated region caused by processing is between 650° C. and 800° C. when the flame is scanned along the internal surface of the preform toward an opening of the preform.

The invention relates to a method for producing a glass article. The method includes the step of producing a glass body from a glass material and the further step of bringing the glass body, at a primary temperature which is at most 50 Kelvin below and at most 30 Kelvin above the Littleton softening point of the glass material, into contact with a liquid cooling agent which has a cooling agent temperature which is at least 200 Kelvin and at most 550 Kelvin below the primary temperature.

A method for manufacturing an optical element out of glass comprises placing a blank made of glass on an annular contact face of a supporting body having a hollow cross section. The blank is heated on the supporting body in a cavity of a protective cap that is arranged in a furnace cavity, such that a temperature gradient is established in the blank in such a way that the blank is cooler inside than on an outside region. The blank is press molded to form the optical element.

A method for manufacturing an optical element out of glass comprises placing a blank made of glass on an annular contact face of a supporting body having a hollow cross section. The blank is heated on the supporting body in a cavity of a protective cap that is arranged in a furnace cavity, such that a temperature gradient is established in the blank in such a way that the blank is cooler inside than on an outside region. The blank is press molded to form the optical element.

A glass package includes a glass body with a rim at least partially circumscribing a cavity and a glass lid with a peripheral portion bonded to the rim and a central portion overlying the cavity. A bond between the lid and the body includes interior and exterior perimeter bonds and a filler bond disposed at least partially between the interior and exterior perimeter bonds. The filler bond includes Sa plurality of first bond paths that are substantially parallel to each other and a plurality of second bond paths that are substantially parallel to each other. The plurality of first bond paths and the plurality of second bond paths intersect each other to form a grid pattern.

Chamfering processing for chamfering an edge face of a disk-shaped glass plate includes a step of disposing the glass plate such that a portion of the glass plate is disposed in a heating space for heating the glass plate and the remaining portion is disposed outside the heating space; and a step of softening a portion of the edge face of the glass plate by irradiating a circumferential portion of the edge face with a laser beam outside the heating space while rotating the glass plate in one direction around the center of the glass plate, and heating the softened portion of the edge face that has reached the heating space through the rotation.

Chamfering processing for chamfering an edge face of a disk-shaped glass plate includes a step of disposing the glass plate such that a portion of the glass plate is disposed in a heating space for heating the glass plate and the remaining portion is disposed outside the heating space; and a step of softening a portion of the edge face of the glass plate by irradiating a circumferential portion of the edge face with a laser beam outside the heating space while rotating the glass plate in one direction around the center of the glass plate, and heating the softened portion of the edge face that has reached the heating space through the rotation.