In a process for manufacturing glass, a mixture of solid glass-forming materials may be melted by application of heat from one or more submerged combustion burners to produce a volume of unrefined molten glass comprising, by volume, 20% to 40% gas bubbles. A refining agent may be introduced into the unrefined molten glass to promote gas bubble removal from the molten glass. The unrefined molten glass including the refining agent may be heated at a temperature in the range of 1200° C. to 1500° C. to produce a volume of refined molten glass. The refined molten glass may comprise, by volume, fewer gas bubbles than the unrefined molten glass. A colorant material may be introduced into the refined molten glass to produce a volume of molten glass having a final desired color.

Disclosed herein are glass-ceramic compositions, articles made from the disclosed glass-ceramic compositions, and methods of making the same. More specifically disclosed herein is a glass-ceramic composition comprising: a) from about 2 mol % to about 20 mol % of Al.sub.2O.sub.3; b) from about 2 mol % to about 45 mol % of Li.sub.2O; and c) from about 48 mol % to about 80 mol % of SiO.sub.2; having a β-spodumene phase and a lithium silicate crystalline phase, and optionally a petalite phase.

A vitrifiable feed material for producing flint glass by way of a process that uses submerged combustion melting includes a base glass portion, an oxidizing agent, and a decolorant. The base glass portion includes an SiO.sub.2 contributor, an Na.sub.2O contributor, and a CaO contributor to provide SiO.sub.2, Na.sub.2O, and CaO, respectively, to a glass melt when melted therein. The oxidizing agent may be a sulfate compound in an amount ranging from 0.20 wt % to 0.50 wt % as expressed as SO.sub.3 based on the total weight of the vitrifiable feed material, and the decolorant may be selenium in an amount ranging from 0.008 wt % to 0.016 wt % or manganese oxide in an amount ranging from 0.1 wt % to 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of the vitrifiable feed material.

Glasses that are substantially free of alkalis that possess high annealing points and, thus, good dimensional stability (i.e., low compaction) for use as TFT backplane substrates in amorphous silicon, oxide and low-temperature polysilicon TFT processes.

The present invention discloses an aluminosilicate glass composition, aluminosilicate glass and a preparation method therefor and application thereof. Based on the total molar weight of the aluminosilicate glass composition, the aluminosilicate glass composition comprises, by oxide, 67-74 mol % of SiO2, 10-15 mol % of Al2O3, 0-5 mol % of B2O3, 1-10 mol % of MgO, 1-10 mol % of CaO, 0-3 mol % of SrO, 2-8 mol % of BaO, 0.1-4 mol % of ZnO, 0.1-4 mol % of RE2O3 and less than 0.05 mol % of R2O, wherein RE represents rare earth elements, and R represents alkali metals.

A low infrared absorbing lithium glass includes FeO in the range of 0.0005-0.015 wt %, more preferably 0.001-0.010 wt %, and a redox ratio in the range of 0.005-0.15, more preferably in the range of 0.005-010. The glass can be chemically tempered and used to provide a ballistic viewing cover for night vision goggles or scope. A method is provided to change a glass making process from making a high infrared absorbing lithium glass having FeO in the range of 0.02 to 0.04 wt % and a redox ratio in the range of 0.2 to 0.4 to the low infrared absorbing lithium glass by adding additional oxidizers to the batch materials. A second method is provided to change a glass making process from making a low infrared absorbing lithium glass to the high infrared absorbing lithium glass by adding additional reducers to the batch material. In one embodiment of the invention the oxidizer is CeO.sub.2. An embodiment of the invention covers a glass made according to the method.

The present disclosure relates to glass manufacturing, a glass composition, glass with a low inclusion content and a preparation method therefor and use thereof. The composition comprises 50-64 wt. % SiO.sub.2, 14-24 wt. % Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 0-7 wt. % B.sub.2O.sub.3+P.sub.2O.sub.5, 0.5-7 wt. % MgO, 1-10 wt. % CaO, 0-9 wt. % SrO, 0.1-14 wt. % BaO, 0.1-5 wt. % ZnO, 0.1-4 wt. % TiO.sub.2, 0.1-7 wt. % Y.sub.2O.sub.3+La.sub.2O.sub.3+Nd.sub.2O.sub.3, and <0.05 wt. % R.sub.2O, wherein R.sub.2O is a sum of the content of Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O and K.sub.2O, and the composition satisfies the following conditions: (1) a temperature T.sub.100 corresponding to a viscosity of 100 P is 1730° C. or higher; (2) a surface tension at 1300° C. is less than 420 mN/m. The glass prepared by the glass composition and the glass with a low inclusion content preparation method has the advantages of having low inclusion content, having a simple preparation process, being low in cost and so on.

A method is provided for inputting thermal energy into fluidic medium in a steel manufacturing process by at least one rotary apparatus comprising: a casing with at least one inlet and at least one exit, a rotor comprising at least one row of rotor blades arranged over a circumference of a rotor hub mounted onto a rotor shaft, and a stator configured as an assembly of stationary vanes arranged at least upstream of the at least one row of rotor blades. In the method, an amount of thermal energy is imparted to a stream of fluidic medium directed along a flow path formed inside the casing between the inlet and the exit by virtue of a series of energy transformations occurring when said stream of fluidic medium passes through the stationary vanes and the at least one row of rotor blades, respectively. The method further comprises: integration of said at least one rotary apparatus into a steel production facility configured to carry out steel production processes, such as reacting iron oxide and carbon or production of raw materials, at temperatures essentially equal to or exceeding 500 degrees Celsius (° C.), and conducting an amount of input energy into the at least one rotary apparatus integrated into the heat-consuming process facility, the input energy comprises electrical energy. A rotary apparatus and related uses are further provided.

A method of fining glass is disclosed that includes flowing a molten glass bath through a fining chamber. The molten glass bath has an undercurrent that flows beneath a skimmer that is partially submerged in the molten glass bath. One or more fining agents are introduced into the undercurrent of the molten glass bath directly beneath the skimmer from a dissolvable fining material component. In this way, the fining agent(s) may selectively target the gas bubbles drawn under the skimmer within the undercurrent of the molten glass for removal. The method may be employed to fine molten gas produced in a submerged combustion melter. A fining vessel for fining molten glass is also disclosed that includes a housing, a skimmer, and a dissolvable fining material component disposed directly beneath the skimmer.

A method of fining glass is disclosed that includes flowing a molten glass bath through a fining chamber. The molten glass bath has an undercurrent that flows beneath a skimmer that is partially submerged in the molten glass bath. One or more fining agents are introduced into the undercurrent of the molten glass bath directly beneath the skimmer from a carrier gas. In this way, the fining agent(s) may selectively target the gas bubbles drawn under the skimmer within the undercurrent of the molten glass bath for removal. The method may be employed to fine molten glass produced in a submerged combustion melter. A fining vessel for fining molten glass is also disclosed.