The present invention relates to a glass, in particular a glass for joining glass panes in order to produce vacuum insulated glasses at processing temperatures of 450 C., to the corresponding composite glass, and to the corresponding glass paste. The present invention further relates to a vacuum insulated glass produced by means of the glass paste according to the invention, to the production process thereof, and to the use of the glass according to the invention or of the composite glass and of the glass paste. The glass according to the invention is characterized in that said glass comprises the following components in wt %: TeO.sub.2V.sub.2O.sub.5 glass in the range of 60-100 wt %, high temperature glasses, selected from the group consisting of lead glass, bismuth glass, zinc glass, barium glass, calcium glass, alkali silicate glass, in the range of 0-20 wt %, and reactive oxides, selected from the group consisting of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, Y.sub.2O.sub.3, La.sub.2O.sub.3, ZnO, Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, zircon, Nb.sub.2O.sub.5, V.sub.2O.sub.5, TeO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2, SnO, SnO.sub.2, FeO, MnO, Cr.sub.2O.sub.3, CoO, oxide pigments, or a combination thereof, in the range of 0-20 wt %.

The present invention relates to a tellurium-oxide-based glass composition for forming a glass-to-metal seal to alloys or metals having a coefficient of thermal expansion higher than 16 ppm/ C., said composition comprising TeO.sub.2, ZnO, TiO.sub.2 and optionally K.sub.2O and being essentially free of lead oxide, sodium oxide and vanadium oxide. In addition it relates to the use of the glass composition according to the invention to form a glass-to-metal seal between copper or a copper alloy and an alloy or a metal having a coefficient of thermal expansion higher than 16 ppm/ C., in particular aluminum alloys. It furthermore relates to a connector comprising a contact made of copper or of copper alloy, an insert and/or shell made of a metal or alloy having a coefficient of thermal expansion higher than 16 ppm/ C. and, by way of glass-to-metal sealant between the contact and the insert and/or shell, a tellurium-oxide-based glass having the composition according to the invention. Lastly, it relates to a process for forming a glass-to-metal seal between a contact made of copper or of copper alloy and an insert and/or shell made of metal or alloy having a coefficient of thermal expansion higher than 16 ppm/ C.

An optical glass includes, in terms of mol % of cations, a total amount of La.sup.3+, Y.sup.3+, and Gd.sup.3+ components falling within a range of from 5% to 65% and a total amount of Zr.sup.4+, Hf.sup.4+, and Ta.sup.5+ components failing within a range of from 5% to 65%, and a relationship expressed in Expression (1) given below is satisfied. (La.sup.3++Y.sup.3++Gd.sup.3+)(Zr.sup.4+Hf.sup.4++Ta.sup.3+) 400(%).sup.2

A composition for diamond sawn wafer solar cell electrodes, a diamond sawn wafer solar cell electrode, and method of manufacturing a diamond sawn wafer solar cell, the composition including a conductive powder; a glass frit; and an organic vehicle, wherein the glass frit includes about 10 mol % to about 30 mol % of tellurium oxide, about 10 mol % to about 20 mol % of lithium oxide, and about 5 mol % to about 15 mol % of magnesium oxide.

The present disclosure provides a glass ceramic composite electrolyte comprising gadolinium doped ceria and glass composite with desired ionic conductivity in the temperature range of 400 to 600 C., suitable for applications in solid oxide fuel cells. Also disclosed is a process for the preparation of the glass ceramic composite electrolyte.

There is provided a gas trapping material and vacuum heat insulation equipment where the gas trapping material can be activated in a sealing step of the vacuum heat insulation equipment, and production efficiency can be enhanced by maintaining a high gas trapping characteristic even when a gas is released in a baking step or in a sealing step under an air atmosphere. The gas trapping material contains porous metal oxide and silver particles having an average particle size of 0.5 nm to 100 nm inclusive.

Disclosed are a paste composition for forming a solar cell electrode, a solar cell electrode, and a solar cell. The paste composition includes a conductive powder, an organic vehicle and a glass frit, wherein the glass frit contains 0.1-20 wt % of PbO, 30-60 wt % of Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, 1.0-15 wt % of TeO.sub.2 and 8-30 wt % of WO.sub.3, and a mass ratio of TeO.sub.2 to WO.sub.3 is 0.5:1 to 1.75:1. The solar cell electrode formed of the paste composition of the present invention has excellent adhesive strength with respect to a soldering ribbon and minimizes serial resistance (Rs), thus provides high conversion efficiency.

A pseudo-reference electrode comprising a pseudo-reference glass material backed by a silver conductor comprising silver metal, wherein the pseudo-reference glass material is a chalcogenide glass comprising a silver chalcogenide Ag2Ch, wherein Ch denotes a chalcogen, or a halide glass comprising a silver halide and at least one glass-forming oxide of a metal or a metalloid, a mixture of two or more of these glasses, or a composite of at least one of these glasses. This pseudo-reference electrode can be used in ion-selective electrode (ISE) sensors and ion-selective field effect transistors (ISFETs).

A pseudo-reference electrode comprising a pseudo-reference glass material backed by a silver conductor comprising silver metal, wherein the pseudo-reference glass material is a chalcogenide glass comprising a silver chalcogenide Ag2Ch, wherein Ch denotes a chalcogen, or a halide glass comprising a silver halide and at least one glass-forming oxide of a metal or a metalloid, a mixture of two or more of these glasses, or a composite of at least one of these glasses. This pseudo-reference electrode can be used in ion-selective electrode (ISE) sensors and ion-selective field effect transistors (ISFETs).

In one aspect of the present invention, a dental cement contains a glass powder, wherein the glass powder contains zinc, silicon, and fluorine and does not substantially contain aluminum.